炎症小体是由受损分子模式（DAMPs）和病原体相关分子模式形成的大分子平台，其形成会导致白细胞介素-1（IL-1）家族成员和gasdermin D（GSDMD）的成熟，分别导致IL-1分泌和细胞崩解。已经发现几种不同类型的炎症小体可检测到不同类型的危险信号。炎症小体的激活受到转录和转录后调控的影响，这对于保护机体免受感染和损伤非常关键。目前的研究表明，炎症小体不仅参与感染，还与肿瘤病理有关，暗示炎症和肿瘤发展之间的重要联系。通常情况下，炎症小体参与肿瘤发生、细胞死亡、转移、免疫逃避、化疗、靶向治疗和放疗等过程。在某些肿瘤中，炎症小体组分上调，同时，DAMPs、化疗药物和辐射可以激活癌细胞和其他基质细胞的炎症小体。在某些情况下，通过在癌细胞中启动GSDMD介导的细胞崩解以及刺激IL-1信号介导的抗肿瘤免疫，炎症小体抑制肿瘤进展。但在其他情况下，IL-1信号会招募免疫抑制细胞亚型。我们讨论了矛盾的结果并提出了一些可能的解释。此外，我们还总结了针对炎症小体通路的干预措施，包括临床前和临床阶段的治疗。针对炎症小体的干预措施对于免疫疗法和联合治疗具有很大的潜力。 © 2023.作者。

Inflammasomes are macromolecular platforms formed in response to damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns, whose formation would cause maturation of interleukin-1 (IL-1) family members and gasdermin D (GSDMD), leading to IL-1 secretion and pyroptosis respectively. Several kinds of inflammasomes detecting different types of dangers have been found. The activation of inflammasomes is regulated at both transcription and posttranscription levels, which is crucial in protecting the host from infections and sterile insults. Present findings have illustrated that inflammasomes are involved in not only infection but also the pathology of tumors implying an important link between inflammation and tumor development. Generally, inflammasomes participate in tumorigenesis, cell death, metastasis, immune evasion, chemotherapy, target therapy, and radiotherapy. Inflammasome components are upregulated in some tumors, and inflammasomes can be activated in cancer cells and other stromal cells by DAMPs, chemotherapy agents, and radiation. In some cases, inflammasomes inhibit tumor progression by initiating GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in cancer cells and stimulating IL-1 signal-mediated anti-tumor immunity. However, IL-1 signal recruits immunosuppressive cell subsets in other cases. We discuss the conflicting results and propose some possible explanations. Additionally, we also summarize interventions targeting inflammasome pathways in both preclinical and clinical stages. Interventions targeting inflammasomes are promising for immunotherapy and combination therapy.© 2023. The Author(s).