棕色瘤（BT）是异常的骨修复过程，是甲状旁腺功能亢进的后果。核医学诊断这些溶解性损伤虽然是一个挑战，但并不罕见，因为功能性成像被用于癌症和甲状旁腺功能亢进的管理。本综述的主要目的是总结关于BT和核医学中不同成像模式的知识和证据。我们在Embase、PubMed和Google Scholar的2005年至2022年间进行了系统综述。我们收录了描述以下成像模式中的BT的文章：[18F]-氟脱氧葡萄糖PET / CT，[18F]-氟胆碱或[11C]-氟胆碱PET / CT，[99mTc]-Sestamibi扫描，骨扫描，[18F]-氟化钠PET / CT，[68Ga]-FAPI PET / CT；[68Ga]-DOTATATE PET / CT；[11C]-蛋氨酸PET / CT。对于每种模式，收集和分析了出现形式，放射探针亲和力，可用的定量参数和甲状旁腺切除术后的成像演变。共收录了52篇文章，共计392个BT病变。如果在已知的病变上出现BT的诊断，进行[18F]-氟胆碱PET / CT成像似乎是最合适的。在[18F]-氟脱氧葡萄糖，[18F]-氟胆碱，[18F]-氟化钠PET / CT和骨扫描中，BT可能会模仿转移性疾病。术后BT摄取似乎是可逆的，根据所使用的成像模式，下降速度不同。 ©2023.作者（S）专有许可给日本核医学学会。

Brown tumors (BT) are abnormal bone-repair processes and a consequence of hyperparathyroidism. The diagnosis of these lytic lesions in nuclear medicine, while a challenge, is not so rare, because functional imaging is used both in the management of cancer and hyperparathyroidism. The main objective of this review is to summarize the knowledge and the evidence concerning BT and the different imaging modalities in nuclear medicine. A systematic review was performed in Embase, PubMed and Google Scholar from 2005 to 2022. We included articles describing BT in the following imaging modalities: [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT, [18F]-fluorocholine or [11C]-fluorocholine PET/CT, [99mTc]-Sestamibi scintigraphy, bone scan, [18F]-sodium fluoride PET/CT, [68Ga]-FAPI PET/CT; [68Ga]-DOTATATE PET/CT; [11C]-methionine PET/CT. For each modality, appearance, avidity for radiotracer, available quantitative parameters and imaging evolution after parathyroidectomy were collected and analyzed. Fifty-two articles were included for a total of 392 BT lesions. If the diagnosis of BT is evoked on a known lesion, performing a [18F]-fluorocholine PET/CT imaging seems the most appropriate. In [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose, [18F]-fluorocholine, [18F]-sodium fluoride PET/CT and bone scan, BT can mimic metastatic disease. BT uptakes appear reversible after parathyroidectomy, with a more or less rapid decrease depending on the imaging modality used.© 2023. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to The Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine.