链霉菌属于革兰氏阳性菌，属于链霉菌科和链霉菌目。来自不同种类的链霉菌中的几种菌株可以通过产生包括抗生素、抗癌剂、抗寄生虫剂、抗真菌剂和酶（蛋白酶和淀粉酶）在内的次生代谢产物，促进人工养殖鱼类和贝类的健康和生长。一些链霉菌菌株还通过产生抑制性化合物（例如细菌素、铁螯合物、过氧化氢和有机酸）来展示对水产养殖病原菌的拮抗和抗菌活性，以争夺营养和宿主的附着位点。在水产养殖中投入链霉菌还可以诱导免疫反应、疾病抵抗、群体感应/抗生素基膜活性、抗病毒活性、竞争性排除、肠道微生物菌群的修改、生长促进以及通过固氮和降解培养系统中的有机残留物改善水质。本综述提供了链霉菌作为水产养殖中潜在益生菌的现状和前景、其选择标准、管理方法及其作用机制。还强调了链霉菌作为水产益生菌的限制，并对这些限制的解决方案进行了讨论。©2023年，作者（S），在Springer Science+Business Media，LLC的独家许可下（Springer Nature的一部分）。

Streptomyces is a Gram-positive bacterium, belonging to the family Streptomycetaceae and order Streptomycetales. Several strains from different species of Streptomyces can be used to promote the health and growth of artificially cultured fish and shellfish by producing secondary metabolites including antibiotics, anticancer agents, antiparasitic agents, antifungal agents, and enzymes (protease and amylase). Some Streptomyces strains also exhibit antagonistic and antimicrobial activity against aquaculture-based pathogens by producing inhibitory compounds such as bacteriocins, siderophores, hydrogen peroxide, and organic acids to compete for nutrients and attachment sites in the host. The administration of Streptomyces in aquaculture could also induce an immune response, disease resistance, quorum sensing/antibiofilm activity, antiviral activity, competitive exclusion, modification in gastrointestinal microflora, growth enhancement, and water quality amelioration via nitrogen fixation and degradation of organic residues from the culture system. This review provides the current status and prospects of Streptomyces as potential probiotics in aquaculture, their selection criteria, administrative methods, and mechanisms of action. The limitations of Streptomyces as probiotics in aquaculture are highlighted and the solutions to these limitations are also discussed.© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.