后翻译修饰（PTMs）例如磷酸化、甲基化、泛素化和乙酰化，在控制蛋白质表达水平中起重要作用。蛋白酶切靶（PROTACs）是一种新颖的结构，旨在针对感兴趣的蛋白质（POI）进行泛素化和降解，导致POI表达水平的选择性降低。由于能够靶向无法治疗的蛋白质，包括多种转录因子，PROTACs表现出巨大的潜力。最近，通过调节特定蛋白质，PROTACs已被证明可改善抗癌免疫疗法。在本综述中，我们描述了PROTACs如何针对多种分子，包括HDAC6、IDO1、EGFR、FoxM1、PD-L1、SHP2、HPK1、BCL-xL、BET蛋白质、NAMPT和COX-1/2，以调节人类癌症中的免疫疗法。PROTACs可能通过增强癌症患者的免疫疗法提供潜在治疗效益。版权所有©2023 Elsevier B.V.出版。

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation, are important in governing protein expression levels. Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are novel structures designed to target a protein of interest (POI) for ubiquitination and degradation, leading to the selective reduction in the expression levels of the POI. PROTACs have exhibited great promise due to their ability to target undruggable proteins, including several transcription factors. Recently, PROTACs have been characterized to improve anticancer immunotherapy via the regulation of specific proteins. In this review, we describe how the PROTACs target several molecules, including HDAC6, IDO1, EGFR, FoxM1, PD-L1, SHP2, HPK1, BCL-xL, BET proteins, NAMPT, and COX-1/2, to regulate immunotherapy in human cancers. PROTACs may provide potential treatment benefits by enhancing immunotherapy in cancer patients.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.