纳米粒子（NPs）是许多日常生活产品中存在的具有特殊物理化学性质（大小、密度、孔隙度、几何形状等）的微粒，赋予了非常有趣的技术性质。它们的使用不断增长，而NPs也代表了一项新的风险评估挑战，因为消费者会接受多重暴露。已经发现有毒效应，例如氧化应激、遗传毒性、炎性效应和免疫反应，其中一些会导致癌症发生。癌症是一种涉及多种行动模式和关键事件的复杂现象，癌症预防包括对NPs性质的适当评估。因此，引入像NPs这样的新代理物到市场上会对充分安全评估和需要新工具的监管提出新的挑战。细胞转化试验（CTA）是一种能够突出癌症过程中特征阶段（起始和促进）的关键事件的体外测试。本文介绍了该测试的发展以及与NPs的配合使用。文章还强调了评估NPs致癌性质的关键问题和提高其相关性的方法。 版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier B.V.。保留所有权利。

Nanoparticles (NPs) are present in many daily life products with particular physical-chemical properties (size, density, porosity, geometry …) giving very interesting technological properties. Their use is continuously growing and NPs represent a new challenge in terms of risk assessment, consumers being multi-exposed. Toxic effects have already been identified such as oxidative stress, genotoxicity, inflammatory effects, and immune reactions, some of which are leading to carcinogenesis. Cancer is a complex phenomenon implying multiple modes of action and key events, and prevention strategies in cancer include a proper assessment of the properties of NPs. Therefore, introduction of new agents like NPs into the market creates fresh regulatory challenges for an adequate safety evaluation and requires new tools. The Cell Transformation Assay (CTA) is an in vitro test able of highlighting key events of characteristic phases in the cancer process, initiation and promotion. This review presents the development of this test and its use with NPs. The article underlines also the critical issues to address for assessing NPs carcinogenic properties and approaches for improving its relevance.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.