前列腺癌目前是最常见的危及老年男性生命和健康的恶性肿瘤之一。近年来，免疫治疗通过激活宿主免疫细胞杀灭瘤细胞的有效机制，成为前列腺癌治疗的新研究领域。作为免疫治疗的重要组成部分，癌症疫苗在恶性肿瘤的精准治疗中具有独特的地位。单核细胞疫苗、树突状细胞疫苗、病毒疫苗、肽疫苗和DNA/mRNA疫苗是最常用的前列腺癌疫苗。其中，Sipuleucel-T作为单核细胞疫苗，是唯一一种被FDA批准用于前列腺癌治疗的治疗性疫苗，对于推进前列腺癌免疫治疗的发展起到了独特的作用。然而，由于其自身的限制，Sipuleucel-T尚未得到广泛应用。同时，由于免疫治疗的复杂性和前列腺癌的特异性，其他前列腺癌疫苗在大型随机Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期试验中尚未显示良好的临床效益，仍需要进一步深入研究。

Prostate cancer is currently one of the most common malignancies that endanger the lives and health of elderly men. In recent years, immunotherapy, which exploits the activation of anti-cancer host immune cells to accomplish tumor-killing effects, has emerged as a new study avenue in the treatment of prostate cancer. As an important component of immunotherapy, cancer vaccines have a unique position in the precision treatment of malignant tumors. Monocyte cell vaccines, dendritic cell vaccines, viral vaccines, peptide vaccines, and DNA/mRNA vaccines are the most often used prostate cancer vaccines. Among them, Sipuleucel-T, as a monocyte cell-based cancer vaccine, is the only FDA-approved therapeutic vaccine for prostate cancer, and has a unique position and role in advancing the development of immunotherapy for prostate cancer. However, due to its own limitations, Sipuleucel-T has not been widely adopted. Meanwhile, owing to the complexity of immunotherapy and the specificity of prostate cancer, the remaining prostate cancer vaccines have not shown good clinical benefit in large randomized phase II and phase III trials, and further in-depth studies are still needed.