肠阿米巴通常通过摄入粪便污染的水或食物中的阿米巴囊传播。然而，其他传播方式包括肛-口交的性接触。肛细胞学的主要作用是检测肛癌和前导病变，但也可以识别生物。尽管如此，在文学中缺乏细胞学识别阿米巴的临床意义评估。对马萨诸塞州波士顿两个机构的病理档案进行了为期10年的回顾性审核。复查鉴定出阿米巴的肛门Pap试验，并与医疗记录进行关联以调查临床参数和患者管理。共鉴定出46例病例。大多数患者为男性（95.7％），承认与男性发生性行为（84.8％）。只有少数人承认最近有旅行（6.5％）。大多数患者也是艾滋病毒（人类免疫缺陷病毒）阳性患者（71.1％），所有这些患者都经过抗逆转录病毒治疗得到很好的控制。大多数患者没有症状（87.0％）。在评估肛门Pap试验时，每个病例的平均生物数为35.4。在大多数情况下，未进行确认和/或物种鉴定的后续微生物学测试（89.1％），不进行治疗（93.5％）。尽管可以在肛门细胞学上识别出阿米巴，但临床意义仍不清楚，因为大多数患者在本系列中没有症状并没有接受治疗。最终，临床环境可能在管理决策中起重要作用。版权所有 © 2023美国细胞病理学学会。Elsevier Inc.出版。保留所有权利。

Intestinal amoebae are usually transmitted via ingestion of amoebic cysts in fecally contaminated water or food. However, other modes of transmission include sexual contact through anal-oral sex. While the primary role of anal cytology is the detection of anal cancer and precursor lesions, organisms can also be identified. Despite this, assessment of the clinical significance of cytologic identification of amoebae is lacking in the literature.A 10-year retrospective review of the pathology archives of 2 institutions in Boston, Massachusetts was conducted. Anal Pap tests that identified amoeba were reviewed and correlated with the medical records for investigation into clinical parameters and patient management.A total of 46 cases were identified between the 2 sites. The majority of patients were male (95.7%) and endorsed having sex with men (84.8%). Only a minority endorsed recent travel (6.5%). Most of the patients were also HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)-positive (71.1%) with all of these patients being well-controlled on antiretroviral therapy. Most patients were asymptomatic (87.0%). On review of the anal Pap tests, the average organism number per case was 35.4. In the majority of cases, follow-up microbiology testing for confirmation and/or speciation was not performed (89.1%) and were not treated (93.5%).While identification of amoeba is possible on anal cytology, the clinical significance remains unclear as most patients were asymptomatic and not treated in this series. Ultimately, the clinical setting likely plays an important role in determination of management.Copyright © 2023 American Society of Cytopathology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.