肺癌的发病率和死亡率在全球范围内均居高不下。传统的治疗方法包括手术、化疗和放疗。尽管过去十年取得了快速的进展，但治疗的限制仍然存在。因此，找到更安全和有效的治疗方法至关重要，目前正在进行研究以寻找更高效和更少毒副作用的药物。近年来，基于必需微量元素硒（Se）的抗肿瘤药物的发现为肺癌治疗提供了良好的前景。特别是相比于无机Se（Inorg-Se）和有机Se（Org-Se），Se纳米药物（Se纳米粒子；SeNPs）显示出更高的生物利用度和抗氧化活性以及更低的毒性。SeNPs还可以用作药物传递载体，以更好地调节蛋白质和DNA合成以及蛋白激酶C活性，从而在抑制癌细胞增殖方面发挥作用。 SeNPs还可以有效地激活抗原呈递细胞以刺激细胞免疫力，对先天和调节免疫力产生调节作用，并增强肺癌免疫疗法。本文综述了Se基种类和材料在肺癌诊断（包括荧光、MR、CT、光声成像等诊断方法）及治疗中的应用（包括直接杀死、放射增敏、化疗增敏、光热动力学和增强免疫疗法）。此外，本文还探讨了Se基药物在肺癌中的应用前景和挑战，以及它们预测的未来临床应用和可持续发展。 ©2023.作者（们）。

The incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer are among the highest in the world. Traditional treatment methods include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Although rapid progress has been achieved in the past decade, treatment limitations remain. It is therefore imperative to identify safer and more effective therapeutic methods, and research is currently being conducted to identify more efficient and less harmful drugs. In recent years, the discovery of antitumor drugs based on the essential trace element selenium (Se) has provided good prospects for lung cancer treatments. In particular, compared to inorganic Se (Inorg-Se) and organic Se (Org-Se), Se nanomedicine (Se nanoparticles; SeNPs) shows much higher bioavailability and antioxidant activity and lower toxicity. SeNPs can also be used as a drug delivery carrier to better regulate protein and DNA biosynthesis and protein kinase C activity, thus playing a role in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. SeNPs can also effectively activate antigen-presenting cells to stimulate cell immunity, exert regulatory effects on innate and regulatory immunity, and enhance lung cancer immunotherapy. This review summarizes the application of Se-based species and materials in lung cancer diagnosis, including fluorescence, MR, CT, photoacoustic imaging and other diagnostic methods, as well as treatments, including direct killing, radiosensitization, chemotherapeutic sensitization, photothermodynamics, and enhanced immunotherapy. In addition, the application prospects and challenges of Se-based drugs in lung cancer are examined, as well as their forecasted future clinical applications and sustainable development.© 2023. The Author(s).