肝细胞癌（HCC）是原发性肝细胞癌（PHC）最常见的类型。早期诊断HCC仍然是改善预后的关键。近年来，随着精准医学的概念推广和对HCC生物学机制更深入的分析，出现了一系列新的诊断方法，包括新兴的血清标记物、液态活检、分子诊断和成像技术（新颖的造影剂和放射组学）。在此，我们回顾和分析了HCC早期诊断的科学进展，并讨论了它们的应用和不足。本综述旨在为科学研究和临床实践提供参考。版权所有©2023中国医学会，由Wolters Kluwer公司在CC-BY-NC-ND许可下制作。

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC). Early diagnosis of HCC remains the key to improve the prognosis. In recent years, with the promotion of the concept of precision medicine and more in-depth analysis of the biological mechanism underlying HCC, new diagnostic methods, including emerging serum markers, liquid biopsies, molecular diagnosis, and advances in imaging (novel contrast agents and radiomics), have emerged one after another. Herein, we reviewed and analyzed scientific advances in the early diagnosis of HCC and discussed their application and shortcomings. This review aimed to provide a reference for scientific research and clinical practice.Copyright © 2023 The Chinese Medical Association, produced by Wolters Kluwer, Inc. under the CC-BY-NC-ND license.