中医药中的阳气概念与现代医学中的线粒体有许多相似之处。二者都是人类生命不可或缺的元素，与生命和死亡密切相关。本文论述了线粒体和阳气在体温、衰老、新生儿、昼夜节律、免疫和经络等方面的相似性。众所周知，阳气对人类健康至关重要。有趣的是，降低线粒体功能被认为是各种疾病发展的关键。在这里，我们从线粒体功能的角度进一步解释由于阳气不足引起的癌症、慢性疲劳综合征、睡眠障碍、老年性痴呆症和代谢性疾病等疾病。我们旨在建立两个重要概念之间的相似性和联系，以期激发进一步探讨和研究西方医学和另类医学，特别是中医药中的重要概念，并提供对理解人类健康的独特整体性见解。©国际人类表型研究所（上海）2022。

The concept of Yang Qi in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has many similarities with mitochondria in modern medicine. Both are indispensable to human beings and closely related to life and death. This article discusses the similarities in various aspects between mitochondria and Yang Qi, including body temperature, aging, newborns, circadian rhythm, immunity, and meridian. It is well-known that Yang Qi is vital for human health. Interestingly, decreased mitochondrial function is thought to be key to the development of various diseases. Here, we further explain diseases induced by Yang Qi deficiency, such as cancer, chronic fatigue syndrome, sleep disorder, senile dementia, and metabolic diseases, from the perspective of mitochondrial function. We aim to establish similarities and connections between two important concepts, and hope our essay can stimulate further discussion and investigation on unifying important concepts in western medicine and alternative medicine, especially TCM, and provide unique holistic insights into understanding human health.© International Human Phenome Institutes (Shanghai) 2022.