肝脏是许多恶性肿瘤的常见继发转移部位，如结肠直肠癌，胰腺癌，胃癌，乳腺癌，前列腺癌和肺癌。肝转移的临床治疗具有挑战性，因为转移瘤异质性强，进展快，预后不良。如今，越来越多地研究肿瘤细胞释放的一种40-160nm大小的小型膜泡，即肿瘤源性外泌体（TDEs），因为它们可以保留肿瘤细胞的原始特征。通过TDEs的细胞间通讯对于肝部前转移微环境（PMN）的形成和肝转移至关重要; 因此，TDEs可以为深入研究肝转移的潜在机制以及诊断和治疗肝转移提供理论基础。在这里，我们系统地回顾了有关肝转移中TDE载荷的作用和可能的调节机制的目前研究进展，重点关注TDE在肝部PMN形成中的功能。此外，我们还讨论了TDE在肝转移中的临床应用，包括TDE作为潜在的生物标志物和治疗方法，以供今后的研究参考。 © 2023 The Authors. Cell Proliferation 由北京干细胞与再生医学研究所和约翰威利和儿子有限公司出版。

The liver is a common secondary metastasis site of many malignant tumours, such as the colorectum, pancreas, stomach, breast, prostate, and lung cancer. The clinical management of liver metastases is challenging because of their strong heterogeneity, rapid progression, and poor prognosis. Now, exosomes, small membrane vesicles that are 40-160 nm in size, are released by tumour cells, namely, tumour-derived exosomes (TDEs), and are being increasingly studied because they can retain the original characteristics of tumour cells. Cell-cell communication via TDEs is pivotal for liver pre-metastatic niche (PMN) formation and liver metastasis; thus, TDEs can provide a theoretical basis to intensively study the potential mechanisms of liver metastasis and new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of liver metastasis. Here, we systematically review current research progress about the roles and possible regulatory mechanisms of TDE cargos in liver metastasis, focusing on the functions of TDEs in liver PMN formation. In addition, we discuss the clinical utility of TDEs in liver metastasis, including TDEs as potential biomarkers, and therapeutic approaches for future research reference in this field.© 2023 The Authors. Cell Proliferation published by Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.