近年来，肿瘤免疫治疗取得了显著进展。然而，肿瘤免疫治疗，特别是免疫检查点抑制剂（例如PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂），仅对少数实体癌患者有益。肿瘤微环境（TME）在肿瘤免疫治疗中起着重要作用。研究表明，肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）作为TME的主要成分之一，严重影响PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的治疗效果。在本综述中，我们从表观遗传和单细胞角度分析了TAMs，并介绍了TAMs在反编程死亡蛋白1（anti-PD-1）治疗中的作用和机制。此外，我们总结了增强肿瘤PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂疗效的联合方案，并详细阐述了TAM在不同实体癌中的作用。最终，讨论了TAM通过影响肿瘤PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂的治疗效果对临床价值的影响。这些有益于从TAM的角度阐明PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂在实体肿瘤中治疗效果不佳，并探讨改善其实体癌客观缓解率的策略。©2023年。作者（们）。

In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has made significant progress. However, tumor immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors), benefits only a tiny proportion of patients in solid cancers. The tumor microenvironment (TME) acts a significant role in tumor immunotherapy. Studies reported that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as one of the main components of TME, seriously affected the therapeutic effect of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. In this review, we analyzed TAMs from epigenetic and single-cell perspectives and introduced the role and mechanisms of TAMs in anti-programmed death protein 1(anti-PD-1) therapy. In addition, we summarized combination regimens that enhance the efficacy of tumor PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and elaborated on the role of the TAMs in different solid cancers. Eventually, the clinical value of TAMs by influencing the therapeutic effect of tumor PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors was discussed. These above are beneficial to elucidate poor therapeutic effect of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in solid tumors from the point of view of TAMs and explore the strategies to improve its objective remission rate of solid cancers.© 2023. The Author(s).