女性患醛固酮分泌瘤（APA）发病率高于男性的机制尚未被理解。在本研究中，我们利用单细胞RNA测序（scRNA-seq）研究了APA患者中免疫细胞浸润和肾上腺细胞特性。我们的研究发现肿瘤微环境中存在大量的免疫细胞，其中巨噬细胞和T淋巴细胞是最常见的。与男性患者相比，女性患者的CD8 + T细胞具有更强的细胞毒性和与炎症相关的功能，而女性髓样细胞在炎症途径中富集更多。此外，我们发现女性肾上腺细胞中的免疫相关和抗原呈递途径的上调幅度更大。此外，我们的分析揭示了球旁区（ZG）细胞具有更高的醛固酮合成能力。这些结果深入了解了不同性别患者APA微环境，为APA的发病机制提供了新的见解。© 2023作者。

The mechanism behind the higher incidence of aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) in women compared to men is not yet understood. In this study, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate the immune cell infiltration and adrenal cell characteristics in APA. Our findings revealed a high presence of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, with macrophages and T lymphocytes being the most prevalent. Comparison of infiltrating cells between males and females showed that female CD8+T cells had stronger cytotoxic and inflammation-related functions, while female myeloid cells had more enrichment in inflammatory pathways. Additionally, we found that female adrenal cells had greater upregulation of immune-related and antigen presentation pathways. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that zona glomerulosa (ZG) cells had a higher capability for aldosterone synthesis. These results provide a deeper understanding of the APA microenvironment in patients of different sexes and offer new insights into the onset of APA.© 2023 The Authors.