纳米治疗在前往目标组织的过程中面临着许多物理化学障碍，这些障碍影响着其治疗效果。在病理组织（如实体肿瘤）中，物理障碍变得更为明显，它们限制了纳米载体进入更深的区域，从而防止药物有效地传递。为了解决这一挑战，我们引入了一种新方法，利用表面声波（SAW）技术，将纳米粒子送入细胞球体中并加以增强。我们的SAW平台旨在产生聚焦和单向的声波，创造强烈的声学流动，同时促进Bjerknes力。研究了SAW兴奋对人类乳腺癌（MCF 7）和小鼠黑色素瘤（YUMM 1.7）细胞球体中细胞存活率以及纳米颗粒积累和渗透的影响。所提出的SAW系统高频、低输入电压和非接触性质保证了两种细胞系在SAW暴露后92%以上的细胞存活率。SAW sonoprinting增强了100纳米的聚苯乙烯颗粒在球体的外缘的积累，接近四倍，同时纳米颗粒进入球体中心区域的渗透也提高了三倍。为了证明我们的SAW平台对纳米治疗的功效的有效性，该平台被用来输送包含抗癌金属化合物二乙基硫代氨基甲酸盐铜（CuET）的纳米脂质体到MCF 7和YUMM 1.7细胞球体中。与对照组相比，在SAW的作用下，球体中该药物的细胞毒性活性增加了三倍。基于SAW的设备能够制造成微小的可穿戴贴片，为提高针对目标组织的药物传递效率提供高度可控、本地化和持续的声学波。

Nanotherapeutics, on their path to the target tissues, face numerous physicochemical hindrances that affect their therapeutic efficacy. Physical barriers become more pronounced in pathological tissues, such as solid tumors, where they limit the penetration of nanocarriers into deeper regions, thereby preventing the efficient delivery of drug cargo. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel approach that employs surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology to sonoprint and enhance the delivery of nanoparticles onto and into cell spheroids. Our SAW platform is designed to generate focused and unidirectional acoustic waves for creating vigorous acoustic streaming while promoting Bjerknes forces. The effect of SAW excitation on cell viability, as well as the accumulation and penetration of nanoparticles on human breast cancer (MCF 7) and mouse melanoma (YUMM 1.7) cell spheroids were investigated. The high frequency, low input voltage, and contact-free nature of the proposed SAW system ensured over 92% cell viability for both cell lines after SAW exposure. SAW sonoprinting enhanced the accumulation of 100 nm polystyrene particles on the periphery of the spheroids to near four-fold, while the penetration of nanoparticles into the core regions of the spheroids was improved up to three times. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our SAW platform on the efficacy of nanotherapeutics, the platform was used to deliver nanoliposomes encapsulated with the anti-cancer metal compound copper diethyldithiocarbamate (CuET) to MCF 7 and YUMM 1.7 cell spheroids. A three-fold increase in the cytotoxic activity of the drug was observed in spheroids under the effect of SAW, compared to controls. The capacity of SAW-based devices to be manufactured as minuscule wearable patches can offer highly controllable, localized, and continuous acoustic waves to enhance drug delivery efficiency to target tissues.