选择性地去除错误折叠、聚集或异常过度表达的蛋白质，在维护以蛋白质为主的生物过程中起着至关重要的作用。同时，精确敲除异常蛋白质与准确识别复杂环境中的蛋白质密不可分。在这些原则的指导下，小分子化合物或抗体通常被用作蛋白质识别工具，以开发定向蛋白质降解（TPD）技术。事实上，TPD在慢性病、罕见病、癌症研究和其他领域展示了巨大的前景。同时，适配体是能够高度特异性结合靶蛋白质的短RNA或DNA寡核苷酸。因此，适配体被积极地用于设计和构建TPD技术。在这个视角中，我们简要介绍了当前进展的TPD技术，并总结了其应用挑战。我们还回顾了基于适配体的TPD技术的最新进展，以及相应的挑战和展望。

The selective removal of misfolded, aggregated, or aberrantly overexpressed protein plays an essential role in maintaining protein-dominated biological processes. In parallel, the precise knockout of abnormal proteins is inseparable from the accurate identification of proteins within complex environments. Guided by these precepts, small molecules, or antibodies, are commonly used as protein recognition tools for developing targeted protein degradation (TPD) technology. Indeed, TPD has shown tremendous prospects in chronic diseases, rare diseases, cancer research, and other fields. Meanwhile, aptamers are short RNA or DNA oligonucleotides that can bind to target proteins with high specificity and strong affinity. Accordingly, aptamers are actively used in designing and constructing TPD technology. In this perspective, we provide a brief introduction to TPD technology in its current progress, and we summarize its application challenges. Recent advances in aptamer-based TPD technology are reviewed, together with corresponding challenges and outlooks.