谷氨酰胺缺乏引发胰腺癌细胞的铁死亡。
Glutamine deprivation induces ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells.
发表日期:2023 Mar 25
作者:
Zhiwen Xiao, Shengming Deng, He Liu, Ruijie Wang, Yu Liu, Zhengjie Dai, Wenchao Gu, Quanxing Ni, Xianjun Yu, Chen Liu, Guopei Luo
来源:
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
摘要:
转化为简体中文并保持原句结构:铁死亡是一种与氨基酸代谢密切相关的程序性细胞死亡类型。胰腺癌细胞强烈依赖谷氨酰胺作为碳和氮底物以维持快速生长,并能帮助其自我保护机制。然而,谷氨酰胺对胰腺癌中铁死亡的影响仍然大部分未知。通过使用细胞计数试剂盒-8评估含或不含谷氨酰胺培养基中胰腺癌细胞的生长情况。使用2',7'-二氯荧光二乙酸酯染色法检测反应性氧化物(ROS)的水平。使用共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞术使用BODIPY-C11染料评估铁死亡现象。使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测量氨基酸浓度。进行同位素标记代谢通量分析以追踪谷氨酰胺的代谢流动。此外,还进行RNA测序以分析遗传变异。谷氨酰胺的匮乏抑制了胰腺癌的生长,并在体内和体外诱导了铁死亡。此外,谷氨酰胺通过谷胱甘肽的产生减少了胰腺癌细胞中ROS的形成。有趣的是,谷氨酰胺抑制剂(二氮氧杂氨酰亮和阿扎胺)促进了胰腺癌细胞中ROS的形成和铁死亡。此外,铁死亡抑制剂-铁元素素救援了胰腺癌细胞中的铁死亡。谷氨酰胺的减少导致了分子通路的改变,包括细胞因子-受体交互通路(CCL5,CCR4,LTA,CXCR4,IL-6R和IL-7R)。因此,外源性谷氨酰胺对于胰腺癌细胞中ROS的解毒作用是必要的,从而防止铁死亡的发生。
Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death closely related to amino acid metabolism. Pancreatic cancer cells have a strong dependence on glutamine, which serves as a carbon and nitrogen substrate to sustain rapid growth. Glutamine also aids in self-protection mechanisms. However, the effect of glutamine on ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer remains largely unknown. Here, we aim to explore the association between ferroptosis and glutamine deprivation in pancreatic cancer. The growth of pancreatic cancer cells in culture media with or without glutamine is evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are measured by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining. Ferroptosis is assessed by BODIPY-C11 dye using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Amino acid concentrations are measured using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Isotope-labelled metabolic flux analysis is performed to track the metabolic flow of glutamine. Additionally, RNA sequencing is performed to analyse the genetic alterations. Glutamine deprivation inhibits pancreatic cancer growth and induces ferroptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, glutamine decreases ROS formation via glutathione production in pancreatic cancer cells. Interestingly, glutamine inhibitors (diazooxonorleucine and azaserine) promotes ROS formation and ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, ferrostatin, a ferroptosis inhibitor, rescues ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Glutamine deprivation leads to changes in molecular pathways, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways ( CCL5, CCR4, LTA, CXCR4, IL-6R, and IL-7R). Thus, exogenous glutamine is required for the detoxification of ROS in pancreatic cancer cells, thereby preventing ferroptosis.