人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）相关的口咽癌（OPC）的发病率正在增加，但对普通人群的口腔HPV感染了解甚少。在这项以澳大利亚为基础的研究中，我们根据HPV接种情况评估了口腔HPV的普遍性。口腔多样性研究的参与者是澳大利亚居民，年龄在18-70岁，填写了有关生活方式和性行为的问卷，并在2020-21年捐赠了唾液样本。我们获得了通过与澳大利亚免疫登记处的记录链接获得HPV接种状态的许可。唾液样本进行了DNA提取, 检测DNA质量并分析HPV。我们招募了1023名参与者参加口腔多样性研究。921名参与者返回了唾液样本进行分析，911名通过了DNA质量检查并被纳入研究。7.2%的人有口腔HPV感染，这与性行为密切相关。我们鉴定了27种不同的HPV类型；53%的参与者携带高危HPV类型，接种和未接种组之间没有差异（都是53%，P = 0.979）。230名参与者（26%）接种了HPV疫苗。非九价HPV疫苗包含的九种HPV类型的口腔普遍性在接种疫苗的参与者中明显较低（0.9% vs 3.4%，P = 0.022）。这些发现表明，澳大利亚居民中有相当数量的人患有口腔HPV感染，其中许多是高危亚型。我们发现一些证据表明HPV疫苗接种导致疫苗特异性型口腔HPV感染的普遍性降低。需要进行更大规模的调查来确认这些发现。本文受版权保护。保留所有权利。

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is increasing in incidence, yet very little is known about oral HPV infection in the general population. In this Australian-based study we assess oral HPV prevalence according to HPV vaccination status. Participants of the Oral Diversity Study were Australian residents, aged 18-70 years, who filled out a questionnaire about lifestyle and sexual behaviour, and donated a saliva sample in 2020-21. We obtained permission to access HPV vaccination status through record linkage with the Australian Immunisation Register. Saliva samples were DNA extracted, DNA quality checked and analysed for HPV. We recruited 1023 participants to the Oral Diversity Study. 921 returned a saliva sample for analysis, 911 passed the DNA quality check and were included in the study. 7.2% had an oral HPV infection, which was strongly associated with sexual behaviours. We identified 27 different HPV types; 53% of participants carried high-risk HPV types, with no difference between the vaccinated and the unvaccinated groups (53% both, P = 0.979). 230 participants (26%) were HPV vaccinated. The oral prevalence of the nine HPV types included in the nonavalent HPV vaccine was significantly lower in the vaccinated participants compared to the unvaccinated (0.9% vs 3.4%; P = 0.022). These findings suggest that a sizeable minority of Australian residents harbor oral HPV infections, and many of these are high-risk subtypes. We found some evidence that HPV vaccination resulted in lower prevalence of oral HPV infections of vaccine-specific types. Larger surveys are required to confirm these findings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.