一些研究探讨了乳制品与死亡率之间的关系，但结果不一致。我们考察了乳制品消费与全因、癌症相关和心血管疾病（CVD）相关死亡风险之间的关联。从日本基于公共卫生中心的前瞻性（JPHC）研究中，有43117名男性和50193名女性没有癌症或CVD病史，完成了食物频率问卷调查（FFQ）并被纳入研究。使用FFQ评估乳制品的摄入量，并使用残差法调整总能量。我们使用多元Cox比例风险模型计算男性和女性的死亡风险危险比（HRs）和95％置信区间（95％ CI）。在平均19.3年的随访期间，男性共有14211名和女性共有9547名因各种原因死亡。对于男性，总乳制品的消耗与全因死亡的风险呈非线性显著关联，[第三四分位，HR = 0.87（0.83，0.91），第四四分位，HR = 0.89（0.85，0.94），非线性P＜0.001]和CVD [第三四分位，HR = 0.77（0.70，0.85），第四四分位，HR = 0.78（0.70，0.86），非线性 P＜0.001]。在男性中，牛奶和发酵乳的摄入与全因和CVD相关死亡率呈负相关。奶酪的消耗与男性的CVD相关死亡率呈负相关。女性乳制品总摄入量与死亡风险之间没有关联。对于日本人来说，男性食用乳制品与全因和心血管疾病的死亡风险降低有关联。©2023. 作者(s)。

Some studies have investigated the relation between dairy products and mortality, but with inconsistent results.We examined the association between the consumption of dairy products and the risk of all-cause, cancer-related, and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality.From the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective (JPHC) study, 43,117 males and 50,193 females with no history of cancer or CVD finished the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and were included in the study. Intake of dairy products was assessed using the FFQ and adjusted for total energy by using the residual method. We used multivariate Cox proportional hazard models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for mortality risk in males and females.14,211 deaths in males and 9547 deaths in females from all causes were identified during an average follow-up of 19.3 years. For males, total dairy consumption was nonlinearly and significantly associated with lower risk of mortality from all causes [the third quartile, HR = 0.87 (0.83, 0.91), the fourth quartile, HR = 0.89 (0.85, 0.94), P for nonlinearity < 0.001] and CVD [the third quartile, HR = 0.77 (0.70, 0.85), the fourth quartile, HR = 0.78 (0.70, 0.86), P for nonlinearity < 0.001]. Milk and fermented milk intake were inversely associated with all-cause and CVD-related mortality in males. Cheese consumption was inversely associated with CVD-related mortality among males. There was no association between total dairy intake and mortality risk among females.For Japanese people, consumption of dairy products was associated with a decreased risk of mortality from all-cause and cardiovascular diseases among males.© 2023. The Author(s).