近年来，肥胖症是世界上不断增长的流行病之一，可能导致肥胖相关疾病的发病率增加。脂肪质量和肥胖相关基因（FTO）是第一个与脂肪密切相关的基因。最近的研究表明，FTO基因在许多疾病的分子机制中起重要作用。肥胖被认为是一种遗传病，并且可能引发许多种疾病，包括多囊卵巢综合症（PCOS）、2型糖尿病（T2DM）、癌症等。FTO基因对肥胖和肥胖相关疾病的作用可能涉及的确切分子机制仍然大部分未知。在本综述中，我们全面讨论了FTO基因与肥胖、癌症、PCOS、T2DM之间的相关性以及这些疾病中涉及的分子机制。

In recent years, obesity is a growing pandemic in the world and has likely contributed to increasing the incidence of obesity related diseases. Fat mass and obesity associated gene (FTO) is the first gene discovered which has close connection with fat. Recent studies suggested FTO gene has played an important role in the molecular mechanisms of many diseases. Obesity is considered to be a hereditary disease and it can evoke many kinds of diseases, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cancer, etc., whose exact possible molecular mechanisms responsible for the effect of FTO on obesity and obesity related diseases remain largely unknown. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the correlation between FTO gene and obesity, cancer, PCOS, T2DM, as well as the molecular mechanism involved in these diseases.