背景：在过去的十年中，新型细胞因子在妊娠糖尿病(GDM)发病机制中的作用逐渐受到关注。本研究旨在提供更准确的估计瘦素、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α)、白介素-6 (IL-6)与GDM风险的关联效应大小。 方法：通过在线数据库检索到2023年1月，使用搜索特定词组“(瘦素或TNF-α或IL-6)和‘妊娠糖尿病’”。选取了与所选细胞因子和GDM风险关联的观察性研究。提取并使用随机效应模型估计合算效应的比值和其95%的置信区间(CIs)。 结果：共有24项研究被纳入Meta分析。发现循环瘦素水平较高与GDM风险存在显著关联，汇总估计值为1.16（95%CI: 1.07，1.27）。循环IL-6和TNF-α水平较高与GDM风险增加有关，且汇总估计值分别为1.35(95%CI：1.05，1.73)和1.28(95%CI：1.01，1.62)。 结论：所研究的细胞因子可能与GDM的发病有关，并可作为评估GDM风险的潜在生物标志物。需要进行更多的大样本纵向研究以进一步评估这些发现。

Background: Over the last decade, an emerging role of novel cytokines in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been proposed. The present study was implemented to provide a more accurate estimate of the effect size of the association between leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the risk of GDM.Methods: Online databases were looked up to January 2023 using the search string: (leptin OR TNF-α OR IL-6) AND "gestational diabetes." Observational studies investigating the association of selected cytokines and GDM risk were included. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled effect.Results: Twenty-four studies were included in the meta-analysis. A significant association was found between higher circulating leptin and the risk of GDM and the pooled estimate was 1.16 (95%CI: 1.07, 1.27). Higher circulating levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were associated with increased risk of GDM, and the pooled estimates were 1.35 (95%CI: 1.05, 1.73) and 1.28 (95%CI: 1.01, 1.62), respectively.Conclusions: The studied cytokines could be implicated in the GDM pathogenesis and used as potential biomarkers for assessing the GDM risk. Additional longitudinal studies with large sample sizes are needed for a further evaluation of these findings.