精准医学的出现改变了肿瘤生物标志物、药物发现、药物研发和更重要的是对癌症患者的治疗效果。精准肿瘤学包括对肿瘤进行基因组检测以检测可行的异常。通过肿瘤组织和液体活检中临床下一代测序技术的进步和有针对性治疗药物的可用性，已经迅速进入了主流临床实践。本文讨论了近期精准肿瘤学的主要进展，这些进展影响了癌症患者的治疗效果。快速的临床开发涉及各种基因突变谱，例如KRASG12C（被认为四十年来“无法药物治疗”）、Exon 20插入和RET基因突变。通过引入抗体药物结合物，精准化化疗的途径在对抗肺癌方面受到了赞赏。 © 2023美国癌症协会。

The advent of precision medicine has changed the landscape of oncologic biomarkers, drug discovery, drug development, and, more importantly, outcomes for patients with cancer. Precision oncology entails the genomic profiling of tumors to detect actionable aberrations. The advances in clinical next-generation sequencing from both tumor tissue and liquid biopsy and availability of targeted therapies has rapidly entered mainstream clinical practice. In this review, recent major developments in precision oncology that have affected outcomes for patients with cancer are discussed. Rapid clinical development was seen of targeted agents across various mutational profiles such as KRASG12C (which was considered "undruggable" for almost 4 decades), Exon 20 insertions, and RET mutations. Approaches to precision chemotherapy delivery by the introduction of antibody drug conjugates in the armamentarium against lung cancer has been appreciated.© 2023 American Cancer Society.