边缘型人格障碍（BPD）是一种严重的精神疾病，影响了高达2.7%的人口，与功能障碍和自杀行为高度相关。尽管其严重性，对其病理生理知识的了解还非常缺乏。研究表明遗传因素和童年暴力可能是导致BPD发展的因素，然而，神经炎症在BPD中的作用仍然缺乏研究。本文旨在探索BPD的病理生理机制，根据脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、炎症细胞因子和加剧神经元损伤的氧化应激物质的水平。目前，这一主题的文章非常少。它们表明，BPD患者外周血中BDNF水平较低，而肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α和白细胞介素（IL）-6水平较高，与氧化应激标志物如丙二醛和8-羟基-2-脱氧鸟苷酸等增加的血浆水平相关。因此，有必要进一步研究该主题，主要集中在临床前和临床方面。

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe psychiatric condition that affects up to 2.7% of the population and is highly linked to functional impairment and suicide. Despite its severity, there is a lack of knowledge about its pathophysiology. Studies show genetic influence and childhood violence as factors that may contribute to the development of BPD; however, the involvement of neuroinflammation in BPD remains poorly investigated. This article aimed to explore the pathophysiology of BPD according to the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress substances that exacerbate neuronal damage. Few articles have been published on this theme. They show that patients with BPD have a lower level of BDNF and a higher level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in peripheral blood, associated with increased plasma levels of oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine. Therefore, more research on the topic is needed, mainly with a pre-clinical and clinical focus.