在接受化疗的病人中，对于回肠造口关闭的时机没有共识。回肠造口恢复可以提高生活质量，减少迟缓闭合导致的长期不良事件。在本研究中，我们评估了化疗对回肠造口关闭的影响，并寻找相关并发症的预测因素。我们对连续入院的2010年至2016年接受回肠造口关闭手术的212例直肠癌患者进行了回顾性分析，其中包括接受和未接受化疗的患者。由于两组患者的异质性，进行了1：1匹配的倾向性评分匹配（PSM）研究。共有162位患者参与了分析。两组之间总体造口关闭相关并发症（12.4%对11.1%，p=1.00）和重要并发症（2.5%对6.2%，p=0.44）没有明显差异。多元分析表明，慢性肾脏病和使用贝伐单抗是重要并发症的危险因素。口服或静脉化疗的患者可以安全地延迟一定时间后进行回肠造口关闭手术。当患者接受贝伐单抗治疗时，应仍需注意与回肠造口关闭相关的重要并发症。©2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG。

In patients with chemotherapy, there is no consensus on the timing of ileostomy closure. Ileostomy reversal could improve the quality of life and minimise the long-term adverse events of delayed closure. In this study, we evaluated the impact of chemotherapy on ileostomy closure and searched for the predictive factors for complications.We retrospectively analysed 212 patients with rectal cancer who underwent ileostomy closure surgery during and without chemotherapy and were consecutively enrolled between 2010 and 2016. As a result of the heterogeneity of the two groups, propensity score matching (PSM) was performed with a 1:1 PSM cohort.A total of 162 patients were included in the analysis. The overall stoma closure-related complications (12.4% vs. 11.1%, p = 1.00) and major complications (2.5% vs. 6.2%, p = 0.44) were not significantly different between the two groups. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that chronic kidney disease and bevacizumab use are risk factors for major complications.Patients with oral or intravenous chemotherapy can safely have ileostomy closure with an adequate time delay from chemotherapy. When patients use bevacizumab, major complications related to ileostomy closure should still be cautioned.© 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.