肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的原发性肝癌类型。免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）已成为一线HCC治疗的新参考标准，取代了酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKIs）如索拉非尼。许多临床试验正在进行中，以验证用于HCC患者治疗的新型免疫治疗的各种组合。采用嵌合抗原受体（CAR）或表达新型T细胞受体（TCR）的基因修饰T细胞的细胞免疫治疗（ACT）可能代表了一种有前景的替代方法，以修改免疫系统以识别具有更好临床疗效的肿瘤细胞。在本综述中，我们简要讨论ACT作为一种有前途的HCC治疗模式的概述，以及正在进行的临床试验的最新进展。

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the new reference standard in first-line HCC treatment, replacing tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as sorafenib. Many clinical trials with different combinations are already in development to validate novel immunotherapies for the treatment of patients with HCC. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT), also known as cellular immunotherapy, with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) or gene-modified T cells expressing novel T cell receptors (TCR) may represent a promising alternative approach to modify the immune system to recognize tumor cells with better clinical outcomes. In this review, we briefly discuss the overview of ACT as a promising treatment modality in HCC, along with recent updates of ongoing clinical trials.