免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI）是目前用于晚期恶性黑色素瘤（MM）和非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的主要疗法。尽管使用范围广泛，但在这些肿瘤类型中预测ICI疗效的可能性很少。我们的研究旨在寻找ICI治疗的新的预测生物标志物。我们通过免疫组织化学分析了各种细胞亚群，包括CD3+、CD8+、CD68+、CD20+和FoxP3+细胞，以及LAG-3、IDO1和TGFβ等分子。综合基因组分析。我们评估了接受ICI单药治疗的46位晚期MM（31）和NSCLC（15）患者。在分析恶性黑色素瘤组时，发现TILs中核FoxP3阳性的肿瘤的中位无进展生存期（PFS）较短（p = 0.048，HR 3.04），以及CD68表达阳性的肿瘤（p = 0.034，HR 3.2）；PD-L1 TPS≥1的肿瘤患者的PFS较长（p = 0.005，HR 0.26）。在NSCLC组中，只有FoxP3阳性与较短的PFS和OS相关。我们发现，在两个组织学组中，FoxP3阴性与更好的ICI应答相关。

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are the main therapy currently used in advanced malignant melanoma (MM) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite the wide variety of uses, the possibility of predicting ICI efficacy in these tumor types is scarce. The aim of our study was to find new predictive biomarkers for ICI treatment. We analyzed, by immunohistochemistry, various cell subsets, including CD3+, CD8+, CD68+, CD20+, and FoxP3+ cells, and molecules such as LAG-3, IDO1, and TGFβ. Comprehensive genomic profiles were analyzed. We evaluated 46 patients with advanced MM (31) and NSCLC (15) treated with ICI monotherapy. When analyzing the malignant melanoma group, shorter median progression-free survival (PFS) was found in tumors positive for nuclear FoxP3 in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (p = 0.048, HR 3.04) and for CD68 expression (p = 0.034, HR 3.2). Longer PFS was achieved in patients with tumors with PD-L1 TPS ≥ 1 (p = 0.005, HR 0.26). In the NSCLC group, only FoxP3 positivity was associated with shorter PFS and OS. We found that FoxP3 negativity was linked with a better response to ICI in both histological groups.