修改后的聚合物凝胶，包括纳米凝胶，不仅扮演生物惰性基质的角色，还因其所引入的活性碎片执行调节、催化和运输功能，可以显著促进有针对性药物在生物体内的输送问题的解决。这将显著降低所用制药品的毒性，并扩大它们的治疗、诊断和医疗应用范围。本文对基于合成和天然高分子的凝胶进行了比较描述，这些凝胶旨在在炎症性和传染性疾病治疗、牙科、眼科、肿瘤学、皮肤病学、风湿病学、神经学和肠道疾病治疗领域中进行医药有针对性药物输送。对2021-2022年实际发表的大多数来源进行了分析。本文重点介绍了聚合物凝胶在细胞毒性和药物从纳米级水凝胶系统中释放速率方面的比较特点，这是它们在生物医学领域中进一步可能应用的关键初始特征。该文总结并介绍了药物从凝胶中释放的不同机制，取决于凝胶的结构、组分和应用。本文可供医疗专业人士和药剂学家作为开发新型药物输送工具的参考。

Modified polymeric gels, including nanogels, which play not only the role of a bioinert matrix, but also perform regulatory, catalytic, and transport functions due to the active fragments introduced into them, can significantly advance the solution to the problem of targeted drug delivery in an organism. This will significantly reduce the toxicity of used pharmaceuticals and expand the range of their therapeutic, diagnostic, and medical application. This review presents a comparative description of gels based on synthetic and natural polymers intended for pharmaceutical-targeted drug delivery in the field of therapy of inflammatory and infectious diseases, dentistry, ophthalmology, oncology, dermatology, rheumatology, neurology, and the treatment of intestinal diseases. An analysis was made of most actual sources published for 2021-2022. The review is focused on the comparative characteristics of polymer gels in terms of their toxicity to cells and the release rate of drugs from nano-sized hydrogel systems, which are crucial initial features for their further possible application in mentioned areas of biomedicine. Different proposed mechanisms of drug release from gels depending on their structure, composition, and application are summarized and presented. The review may be useful for medical professionals, and pharmacologists dealing with the development of novel drug delivery vehicles.