树状分子是具有球形结构的纳米级聚合物。它们由内部核心和具有表面活性基团的分支树突构成，可用于医学应用的功能化。不同的复合物已经发展用于成像和治疗目的。本系统评价旨在总结新型树状分子在核医学肿瘤学应用方面的发展。在Pubmed、Scopus、Medline、Cochrane Library和Web Of Science数据库上进行在线文献检索，选择1999年1月至2022年12月发表的研究。接受的研究考虑了合成用于肿瘤学核医学成像和治疗的树状分子复合物。共发现111篇文章，其中69篇不符合选择标准被排除。因此，去除了9个重复记录。剩下的33篇文章被纳入并选择进行质量评估。纳米医学引导研究人员创造具有高亲和力的新型纳米载体。树状分子作为可行的成像探针和治疗剂，可以通过功能化外部化学基团和携带药物的可能性，利用不同的治疗策略，发展出有用的肿瘤治疗武器。

Dendrimers are nanoscale-size polymers with a globular structure. They are composed of an internal core and branching dendrons with surface active groups which can be functionalized for medical applications. Different complexes have been developed for imaging and therapeutic purposes. This systematic review aims to summarize the development of newer dendrimers for oncological applications in nuclear medicine.An online literature search was conducted on Pubmed, Scopus, Medline, Cochrane Library, and Web Of Science databases selecting published studies from January 1999 to December 2022. The accepted studies considered the synthesis of dendrimer complexes for oncological nuclear medicine imaging and therapy.111 articles were identified; 69 articles were excluded because they did not satisfy the selection criteria. Thus, nine duplicate records were removed. The remaining 33 articles were included and selected for quality assessment.Nanomedicine has led researchers to create novel nanocarriers with high affinity for the target. Dendrimers represent feasible imaging probes and therapeutic agents since, through the functionalization of external chemical groups and thanks to the possibility to carry pharmaceuticals, it can be possible to exploit different therapeutic strategies and develop a useful weapon for oncological treatments.