传统的癌症诊断得到了纳米颗粒的帮助，这让这个过程更简单、更快捷。纳米颗粒具有出色的特性，例如更大的表面积、更高的容积比和更好的靶向能力。此外，它们对健康细胞的低毒性增强了它们的生物利用度和半衰期，在组织和上皮孔隙中实现了功能性渗透。这些颗粒在多学科领域引起了关注，使它们在许多生物医学应用方面成为最有前途的材料，特别是在各种疾病的治疗和诊断方面。今天，许多药物都被呈现或涂覆在纳米粒子上，直接针对肿瘤或患病器官，而不会损伤正常的组织/细胞。许多类型的纳米颗粒，例如金属、磁性、聚合物、金属氧化物、量子点、石墨烯、富勒烯、脂质体、碳纳米管和树状分子，都有潜在的癌症治疗和诊断应用。在许多研究中，纳米颗粒被报道具有固有的抗癌活性，由于它们的抗氧化作用，对肿瘤生长具有抑制作用。此外，纳米颗粒可以促进药物的控制释放，同时减少副作用。诸如微泡等纳米材料被用作超声成像的分子探针。本文讨论了常用于癌症诊断和治疗的各种纳米颗粒。

Traditional cancer diagnosis has been aided by the application of nanoparticles (NPs), which have made the process easier and faster. NPs possess exceptional properties such as a larger surface area, higher volume proportion, and better targeting capabilities. Additionally, their low toxic effect on healthy cells enhances their bioavailability and t-half by allowing them to functionally penetrate the fenestration of epithelium and tissues. These particles have attracted attention in multidisciplinary areas, making them the most promising materials in many biomedical applications, especially in the treatment and diagnosis of various diseases. Today, many drugs are presented or coated with nanoparticles for the direct targeting of tumors or diseased organs without harming normal tissues/cells. Many types of nanoparticles, such as metallic, magnetic, polymeric, metal oxide, quantum dots, graphene, fullerene, liposomes, carbon nanotubes, and dendrimers, have potential applications in cancer treatment and diagnosis. In many studies, nanoparticles have been reported to show intrinsic anticancer activity due to their antioxidant action and cause an inhibitory effect on the growth of tumors. Moreover, nanoparticles can facilitate the controlled release of drugs and increase drug release efficiency with fewer side effects. Nanomaterials such as microbubbles are used as molecular imaging agents for ultrasound imaging. This review discusses the various types of nanoparticles that are commonly used in cancer diagnosis and treatment.