Pracaxi（Penthaclethra macroloba（Willd.）Kuntze）是亚马逊植物，传统上被当地居民用于治疗健康问题，如炎症、丹毒、伤口愈合、肌肉疼痛、耳痛、腹泻、蛇和昆虫叮咬以及癌症治疗。其他常见用途包括用于油炸、美容皮肤和头发，以及作为替代能源来源。本文旨在强调其分类学、出现和植物学的起源、流行用途、药理学和生物活性、细胞毒性、生物燃料活性和植物化学，以探索未来的治疗用途和其他应用。Pracaxi包含三萜皂苷、甾醇、单宁、齐墩果酸、不饱和脂肪酸和长链脂肪酸，具有很高的硬脂酸值，可用于纳入药物递送系统以及新药物的开发。这些成分与其抗炎、抗菌、愈合、抗溶血、抗出血、抗蝰毒和杀幼虫活性对Aedes aegypti和Helicorverpa zea，验证了通俗/传统用途。该物种具有固氮能力，易于在洪泛平原和固体区域繁殖，可用于恢复退化地区。此外，从种子中提取的油可借助可持续开发推动该地区的生物经济。

Pracaxi (Penthaclethra macroloba (Willd.) Kuntze) is an Amazonian plant, traditionally used by the native population to treat health disorders such as inflammation, erysipelas, wound healing, muscle pain, ear pain, diarrhea, snake and insect bites as well as for cancer treatment. Other common uses include using the oil for frying, skin and hair beautification, and as an alternative source of energy. This review is focused on highlighting its taxonomy, occurrence and botanical origins, popular uses, pharmacology and biological activities, cytotoxicity, biofuel activity and phytochemistry in order to explore future therapeutic use and other applications. Pracaxi contains triterpene saponins, sterols, tannins, oleanolic acid, unsaturated fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids, with a high behenic acid value, which may serve for incorporation into drug delivery systems as well for the development of new drugs. These components are correlated with its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, healing, anti-hemolytic, anti-hemorrhagic, antiophidic, and larvicidal activities against Aedes aegypti and Helicorverpa zea, which ratify the popular/traditional uses. The species is nitrogen fixing; it is easy to propagate in floodplains and the terra firma, and it can be used for the reforestation of degraded areas. Additionally, the oil extracted from the seeds can leverage the bioeconomy of the region based on sustainable exploration.