神经内分泌癌（NEC）是一种恶性肿瘤，来源于神经内分泌细胞，具有独特的临床、形态和免疫组化特征。头颈部神经内分泌癌在临床上非常罕见。喉是最常见的受影响部位，舌根非常罕见。临床表现主要为进食疼痛、口腔中的花菜状肿块，以及长期未愈合的溃疡性病变。颌面部MRI和增强CT是检查该疾病最常用的工具，可以检测肿瘤的占位病变。病理学光学显微镜下发现细胞质中的神经内分泌颗粒可诊断为神经内分泌癌。然而，对于大多数病例，仅通过光学显微镜很难进行诊断，通常需要通过免疫组化和其他技术手段进行诊断。本文报道了一例舌根神经内分泌癌，介绍了其特点、诊断和治疗，并回顾了相关文献。版权所有©《临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志》编辑部。

Neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC) is a malignant tumor derived from neuroendocrine cells, with distinct clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics. Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the head and neck is very rare in clinic. Larynx is the most common affected site, and the root of the tongue is extremely rare. The clinical manifestations are mainly eating pain, cauliflower like mass in the mouth, and ulcerative lesions that have not healed for a long time. Maxillofacial MRI and contrastenhanced CT are the most commonly used examination tools for such diseases, which can detect the spaceoccupying lesions of tumors. Neuroendocrine granules found in the cytoplasm under pathological light microscope can be diagnosed as neuroendocrine carcinoma. However, for most cases, it is difficult to make a diagnosis only under light microscope, and it is often necessary to make a diagnosis by means of immunohistochemistry and other technical means. This paper reports a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the root of the tongue, introduces its characteristics, diagnosis and treatment, and reviews the relevant literature of this case.Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.