研究针对肾细胞癌（RCC）患者在诊断时吸烟的情况，调查在诊断后戒烟是否有可能影响死亡和疾病进展的风险。2007年至2016年期间，从俄罗斯莫斯科国家肿瘤医学研究中心波洛捷夫国立医学研究中心泌尿科招募了212名原发性RCC患者。入组时进行结构化问卷调查，并对患者进行随访，直到2020年，重复评估其吸烟状况和疾病进展。采用延长的Kaplan-Meier方法、时间依赖的Cox比例风险回归和Fine-Gray竞争风险模型，研究了整体和癌症特定死亡和疾病进展的生存概率及风险。患者平均随访时间为8.2年。期间记录了110例疾病进展、100例总死亡和77例癌症特定死亡。84名患者（40％）在诊断后戒烟。在此分析中，继续吸烟期的总人年风险为748.2，戒烟期的总人年风险为611.2。在5年的随访期内，戒烟期的总体生存率（85％与61％）和无进展生存率（80％与57％）均高于继续吸烟期（P < 0.001）。在多变量时间依赖模型中，戒烟与全因死亡（风险比[HR]，0.51；95％CI，0.31至0.85）、疾病进展（HR，0.45；95％CI，0.29至0.71）和癌症特定死亡（HR，0.54；95％CI，0.31至0.93）的风险降低相关联。戒烟的益处在所有亚组中都明显，包括轻度吸烟者与中度-重度吸烟者以及早期与晚期肿瘤患者。对于吸烟的RCC患者来说，在诊断后戒烟可能会显著改善生存率并减少疾病进展和癌症死亡的风险。

To investigate whether postdiagnosis smoking cessation may affect the risk of death and disease progression in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who smoked at the time of diagnosis.Two hundred twelve patients with primary RCC were recruited between 2007 and 2016 from the Urological Department in N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia. Upon enrollment, a structured questionnaire was completed, and the patients were followed annually through 2020 to repeatedly assess their smoking status and disease progression. Survival probabilities and hazards for all-cause and cancer-specific mortality and disease progression were investigated using extended the Kaplan-Meier method, time-dependent Cox proportional hazards regression, and Fine-Gray competing-risk models.Patients were followed for a median of 8.2 years. During this time, 110 cases of disease progression, 100 total deaths, and 77 cancer-specific deaths were recorded. Eighty-four patients (40%) quit smoking after diagnosis. The total person-years at risk for this analysis were 748.2 for continuing smoking and 611.2 for quitting smoking periods. At 5 years of follow-up, both overall survival (85% v 61%) and progression-free survival (80% v 57%) rates were higher during the quitting than continuing smoking periods (both P < .001). In the multivariable time-dependent models, quitting smoking was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.85), disease progression (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.71), and cancer-specific mortality (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31 to 0.93). The beneficial effect of quitting smoking was evident across all subgroups, including light smokers versus moderate-heavy smokers and those with early-stage versus late-stage tumors.Quitting smoking after RCC diagnosis may significantly improve survival and reduce the risk of disease progression and cancer mortality among patients who smoke.