骨性关节炎（OA）是一种全球性的整个关节疾病，具有滑液炎症、软骨退化和骨下硬化。非甾体抗炎药（NSAIDs）是常用的OA治疗药物，可缓解症状并抑制OA的进程。然而，长期NSAIDs使用常常导致各种严重不良反应，给医疗保健系统带来沉重负担，并影响生活质量。因此，有必要寻找具有更高疗效的替代药物。槲皮素二聚体（Syr）是一种天然的植物化学物质，属于多酚素的木脂素类，具有抗肿瘤和抗氧化活性，有益于人体健康。研究表明，Syr可以通过调节细胞因子IL-6、IL-8和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α的分泌和表达水平来调节炎症反应。它还表现出对小鼠细胞NF-κB通路的抑制作用。在本研究中，我们旨在证明Syr对OA的抗炎作用。体外Syr处理IL-1β激活的小鼠软骨细胞显著抑制了NO、PGE2、IL-6、TNF-α、INOS、COX-2和MMP-13的表达。此外，它大大改善了软骨素和II型胶原的降解。此外，Syr显著抑制了NF-kB信号通路的磷酸化。此外，体内，与DMM组相比，软骨退化得到缓解，OARSI评分也得到了逆转。总之，我们的研究证明了Syr可以在体外抑制炎症并在体内验证其对OA的影响。因此，Syr可能是OA治疗的一种有力替代方法。 版权所有©2023作者。由Elsevier B.V.出版。保留所有权利。

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a now regarded as a worldwide whole joint disease with synovial inflammation, cartilage degeneration, and subchondral sclerosis. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used drugs for OA treatment which only relieve the symptoms and restrain the progression of OA. However, various severe adverse effects often occur in patients with long-term NSAIDs use, which heavily burdens the healthcare system and impacts the quality of life. Therefore, it is much imperative to identify alternative drugs with increased efficacy. Syringaresinol (Syr), a naturally occurring phytochemical which belonging to the lignan group of polyphenols, shows anti-tumor and anti-oxidant activities, which to benefit human health. Studies has shown Syr can regulate the inflammatory response by modulating the secretion and expression level of cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. it also shows the inhibitory effect on NF-κB pathway in mouse cells. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of Syr in OA. In vitro Syr treatment in IL-1β-activated mouse chondrocytes significantly restrained the expression of NO, PGE2, IL-6, TNF-α, INOS, COX-2 and MMP-13. Moreover, it considerably ameliorated the degradation of aggrecan and collagen II. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of the NF-kB signaling pathway was significantly suppressed by Syr. Moreover, in vivo, the cartilage degeneration was attenuated and the increased Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores were reversed in the DMM + Syr group, comprared to those in the DMM group. In sum, our study demonstrated that Syr can attenuate the inflammation in vitro and further verified its effect on OA in vivo. Thus, Syr might be a potent therapeautic alternative for OA treatment.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.