为了研究加速度计测量的体力活动（PA）和睡眠时长与死亡风险的关联，我们对来自英国生物库的92221名参与者（年龄62.4 ± 7.8岁；56.4％女性）在2013年2月至2015年12月期间进行了为期7天的加速度计记录。我们将睡眠时长分为三组（短、正常和长），根据三分位数将PA总量分为三个水平（高、中、低），根据世界卫生组织指南，将中等至高强度的PA（MVPA）分为两组。死亡结果通过死亡登记簿进行前瞻性收集。在中位随访7.0年的过程中，3080名成年人死亡，其中1074名死于心血管疾病（CVD），1871名死于癌症。PA和睡眠时长与死亡风险的关联均呈现曲线剂量响应模式（P非线性<0.001）。PA和睡眠时长对死亡风险的影响具有加性和乘性交互作用（P交互作用<0.05）。与建议MVPA和正常睡眠时长参与者相比，那些没有建议MVPA但睡眠时长短或长的人所有原因死亡的风险更高（短睡眠：危险比（HR）=1.88，95％置信区间（CI）为1.61-2.20；长睡眠：HR=1.69，95％ CI为1.49-1.90）。更高的PA总量或建议MVPA可以减轻短睡眠或长睡眠对所有原因和CVD死亡风险的不良影响。符合建议的MVPA或任何强度的更高体力活动量可降低短睡眠和长睡眠与全因和特定死亡率相关的不良影响。©作者（们）2023年。 由牛津大学出版社代表欧洲心脏病学会出版。版权所有。有关权限，请发送电子邮件至：journals.permissions@oup.com。

To investigate the joint association of accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA) and sleep duration with mortality risk.A 7-day accelerometer recording was performed on 92 221 participants (age 62.4 ± 7.8 years; 56.4% women) from the UK Biobank between February 2013 and December 2015. We divided sleep duration into three groups (short, normal, and long), total volume of PA into three levels according to tertiles (high, intermediate, low), and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) into two groups based on the World Health Organization guidelines. The mortality outcomes were prospectively collected through the death registry. Over a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 3080 adults died, of which 1074 died from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 1871 from cancer. The associations of PA and sleep duration with mortality risk were all in a curvilinear dose-response pattern (Pnonlinearity <0.001). PA and sleep duration had additive and multiplicative interactions on mortality risk (Pinteraction <0.05). Compared with the participants with guideline-recommended MVPA and normal sleep duration, those without recommended MVPA but having short or long sleep duration were at a higher risk for all-cause mortality [short sleep: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.61-2.20; long sleep: HR = 1.69; 95% CI, 1.49-1.90]. A higher volume of PA or recommended MVPA attenuated the detrimental effects of short or long sleep duration on all-cause and CVD mortality risks.MVPA meeting recommendations or a higher volume of PA at any intensity potentially diminished the adverse effects on all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with short and long sleep duration.© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.