组蛋白乙酰化是关键的表观遗传事件。虽然关键词脂肪酸、组蛋白和组蛋白乙酰化在生物化学领域有着悠久的历史，但这些话题仍然吸引着众多研究人员的关注。组蛋白乙酰化受组蛋白乙酰转移酶（HATs）和组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDACs）的活性控制。HATs和HDACs活性失调在许多人类癌症中很常见。组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂（HDACi）可以恢复癌细胞中失调的组蛋白乙酰化谱，并已被鉴定为有前途的抗癌治疗药物。短链脂肪酸通过抑制HDACs活性介导抗癌作用。最近的研究已经确认奇数碳链脂肪酸作为新型HDACi。本文综述了近期有关脂肪酸作为抗癌治疗中的HDACi的研究结果。摘要：脂肪酸抑制组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDAC）活性。版权所有©2023 Elsevier Ltd.

Histone acetylation is a key epigenetic event. Although the keywords fatty acids, histones, and histone acetylation have a long history in biochemistry, these topics continue to attract much attention among researchers. The acetylation of histones is controlled by the activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). An imbalance in the activities of HATs and HDACs is common in a range of human cancers. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) can restore dysregulated histone acetylation profiles in cancer cells and have been identified as promising anti-cancer therapeutics. Short-chain fatty acids mediate anti-cancer effects by inhibiting the activity of HDACs. Recent studies have identified odd-chain fatty acids as novel HDACi. This review summarizes recent findings regarding fatty acids as HDACi in cancer therapy. Teaser: Inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity by fatty acids.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.