迷走神经（VN）是自主神经系统的主要副交感神经。它广泛分布于胃肠道并在生理条件下与交感神经一起维护胃肠道内环境平衡。VN与肿瘤微环境的各种组分通信，以积极、动态地影响胃肠道肿瘤（GITs）的进展。介入迷走神经的神经支配可以延缓GIT进展。腺相关病毒载体、纳米技术和体内神经生物学技术的进展使得可以创造精确调控的“肿瘤神经治疗”。此外，神经生物学技术和单细胞测序的结合可能会揭示出更多VN和GIT的见解。本综述旨在总结VN与胃肠道TME之间的通信机制，并探讨VN基于肿瘤神经治疗在GITs中的潜力和挑战。版权所有©2023 Elsevier B.V.发表。

The vagus nerve (VN) is the main parasympathetic nerve of the autonomic nervous system. It is widely distributed in the gastrointestinal tract and maintains gastrointestinal homeostasis with the sympathetic nerve under physiological conditions. The VN communicates with various components of the tumor microenvironment to positively and dynamically affect the progression of gastrointestinal tumors (GITs). The intervention in vagus innervation delays GIT progression. Developments in adeno-associated virus vectors, nanotechnology, and in vivo neurobiological techniques have enabled the creation of precisely regulated "tumor neurotherapies". Furthermore, the combination of neurobiological techniques and single cell sequencing may reveal more insights into VN and GIT. The present review aimed to summarize the mechanisms of communication between the VN and the gastrointestinal TME and to explore the potential and challenges of VN-based tumor neurotherapy in GITs.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.