双特异性酪氨酸磷酸化调节激酶1A（DYRK1A）是一种具有进化保守性的蛋白激酶，是双特异性酪氨酸调节激酶（DYRK）家族中最研究的成员。已经表明，它参与了许多疾病的发展，低或高表达DYRK1A蛋白都可能导致紊乱。因此，DYRK1A被认为是这些疾病治疗的关键靶点，天然或合成DYRK1A抑制剂的研究变得越来越流行。在这里，我们从DYRK1A的结构和功能、DYRK1A在各种疾病中的作用（包括糖尿病、神经退行性疾病和各种癌症）以及其天然和合成抑制剂的研究等方面提供了全面的综述。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Inc. 发布。

Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase and the most studied member of the Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase (DYRK) family. It has been shown that it participates in the development of plenty of diseases, and both the low or high expression of DYRK1A protein could lead to disorder. Thus, DYRK1A is recognized as a key target for the therapy for these diseases, and the studies on natural or synthetic DYRK1A inhibitors have become more and more popular. Here, we provide a comprehensive review for DYRK1A from the structure and function of DYRK1A, the roles of DYRK1A in various types of diseases, including diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, and kinds of cancers, and the studies of its natural and synthetic inhibitors.Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.