尽管皮肤鳞状细胞癌（cSCC）很常见，但淋巴结转移相对罕见，通常用淋巴结清扫（LND）治疗。本研究旨在描述cSCC在所有解剖位置进行LND后的临床过程和预后。在三个中心进行了回顾性搜索，以确定接受LND治疗的cSCC淋巴结转移患者。单变量和多变量分析确定了预后因素。共识别出268例患者，中位年龄为74岁。所有淋巴结转移均接受LND治疗，65％的患者接受了辅助放疗。经过LND，35％的患者局部再发和远处再发。淋巴结阳性数目多于1个的患者再发疾病的风险增加。165（62％）患者随访期间死亡，其中77（29％）是由于cSCC引起的。5年总生存率和疾病特异性生存率分别为36％和52％。免疫抑制患者，原发肿瘤> 2cm的患者以及淋巴结阳性数目多于1个的患者的疾病特异性生存率显着较差。本研究表明，对于cSCC淋巴结转移患者，LND治疗导致5年疾病特异性生存率为52％。行LND后，约三分之一的患者会发生复发（局部或远处），这凸显了治疗局部晚期cSCC的需要更好的系统治疗选择。原发肿瘤的大小，淋巴结阳性数目多于1个和免疫抑制是进行cSCC LND后复发和疾病特异性生存的独立预测因素。 © 2023年作者（们）。

Although cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is common, lymph node metastases are relatively rare and are usually treated with lymph node dissection (LND). The aim of this study was to describe the clinical course and prognosis after LND for cSCC at all anatomical locations.A retrospective search at three centres was performed to identify patients with lymph node metastases of cSCC who were treated with LND. Prognostic factors were identified by uni- and multivariable analysis.A total of 268 patients were identified with a median age of 74. All lymph node metastases were treated with LND, and 65% of the patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. After LND, 35% developed recurrent disease both locoregionally and distantly. Patients with more than one positive lymph node had an increased risk for recurrent disease. 165 (62%) patients died during follow-up of whom 77 (29%) due to cSCC. The 5-year OS- and DSS rate were 36% and 52%, respectively. Disease-specific survival was significantly worse in immunosuppressed patients, patients with primary tumors >2cm and patients with more than one positive lymph node.This study shows that LND for patients with lymph node metastases of cSCC leads to a 5-year DSS of 52%. After LND, approximately one-third of the patients develop recurrent disease (locoregional and/or distant), which underscores the need for better systemic treatment options for locally advanced cSCC. The size of the primary tumor, more than one positive lymph node, and immunosuppression are independent predictors for risk of recurrence and disease-specific survival after LND for cSCC.© 2023. The Author(s).