背景：越来越多的证据表明，人类巨细胞病毒（HCMV）参与了人类癌症发生与肿瘤调控，因为其具有促进癌症所有特征的能力。越来越多的证据表明，HCMV感染与各种恶性肿瘤有关，包括乳腺癌，而其发病率和死亡率仍然在上升。乳腺癌的病因仍然不明确，仍有80%的乳腺癌被认为是散发性的。本研究的目的是鉴定乳腺癌的新风险与预后因素，以改善乳腺癌治疗并提高生存率。方法：将109个乳腺肿瘤和淋巴结转移的自动免疫组织化学染色结果与临床随访数据（>10年）相关联。对中位总生存期（OS）进行了统计分析。结果：生存分析表明，HCMV-IE阳性肿瘤患者的中位总生存期为118.4个月，而HCMV-IE阴性肿瘤患者的中位总生存期为202.4个月。肿瘤中HCMV-LA阳性细胞数量的增加也与患者生存期缩短有关（146.2个月vs. 151.5个月）。结论：我们的结果表明，HCMV感染与乳腺癌预后有关，为潜在的新临床干预和针对性治疗铺平了道路，这些治疗可能延长选定患者的总体生存期。

Background: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is increasingly suggested to be involved in human carcinogenesis and onco-modulation due to its ability to contribute to all hallmarks of cancer. Growing evidence demonstrates a link between HCMV infection and various malignancies, including breast cancer, which incidence and mortality are still on the rise. The etiology of breast cancer remains mostly unclear, leaving 80% of breast cancer cases considered to be sporadic. Identifying novel risk- and prognostic factors for improved breast cancer treatment and increased survival rates, were the objectives of this study. Methods: Automated immunohistochemical staining results for HCMV proteins in 109 breast tumors and lymph node metastasis were correlated with clinical follow-up data (>10 years). Statistical analyses for median Overall Survival (OS) were performed. Results: Survival analyses revealed shorter median OS for patients with HCMV-IE positive tumors of 118.4 months compared to 202.4 months for HCMV-IE negative tumors. A higher number of HCMV-LA positive cells in the tumors was also associated with a shorter OS in patients (146.2 months vs. 151.5 months). Conclusions: Our findings suggest a link between HCMV-infections and breast cancer prognosis, which paves the way for potential novel clinical intervention and targeted therapy that may prolong the overall survival of selected patients with breast cancer.