西尼罗河病毒（WNV）是一种蚊媒致病微生物，可导致易感宿主发生脑炎和死亡。细胞因子在WNV感染后炎症和免疫方面发挥关键作用。小鼠模型提供了一些证据表明，一些细胞因子在急性WNV感染中提供保护并协助病毒清除，而其他细胞因子则在WNV神经病理和免疫介导的组织损伤方面发挥多方面作用。本文旨在提供一个关于在人类和实验动物WNV感染模型中细胞因子表达模式的最新综述。在此，我们概述了与WNV感染和病理相关的白细胞介素、趋化因子和肿瘤坏死因子超家族配体，并描述了它们在调节中枢神经系统在病毒清除期间或之后的保护和病变方面发挥的复杂作用。通过了解这些细胞因子在WNV神经侵入感染期间的作用，我们可以开发针对调节这些免疫分子以减少神经炎症和改善患者预后的治疗选择。

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that can lead to encephalitis and death in susceptible hosts. Cytokines play a critical role in inflammation and immunity in response to WNV infection. Murine models provide evidence that some cytokines offer protection against acute WNV infection and assist with viral clearance, while others play a multifaceted role WNV neuropathogenesis and immune-mediated tissue damage. This article aims to provide an up-to-date review of cytokine expression patterns in human and experimental animal models of WNV infections. Here, we outline the interleukins, chemokines, and tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligands associated with WNV infection and pathogenesis and describe the complex roles they play in mediating both protection and pathology of the central nervous system during or after virus clearance. By understanding of the role of these cytokines during WNV neuroinvasive infection, we can develop treatment options aimed at modulating these immune molecules in order to reduce neuroinflammation and improve patient outcomes.