胰岛素受体（InsR）下游信号通路是调控生物长寿和新陈代谢的一些最具进化保护作用的通路。 InsR信号在代谢组织（如肝脏，肌肉和脂肪）中得到很好的表征，积极编排细胞过程，包括生长，生存和营养代谢。 然而，免疫系统的细胞也表达InsR和信号下游机制，InsR信号在塑造免疫反应方面的作用日益受到重视。 在这里，我们总结了不同免疫细胞亚群中InsR信号通路目前的理解以及它们对细胞新陈代谢，分化和效应器与调节功能的影响。我们还讨论了InsR信号改变与各种疾病环境和条件中免疫功能障碍之间的机械联系，重点关注与年龄相关的疾病，例如2型糖尿病，癌症和感染易感性。 版权所有©2023 Makhijani，Basso，Chan，Chen，Baechle，Khan，Furman，Tsai 和 Winer。

The signaling pathways downstream of the insulin receptor (InsR) are some of the most evolutionarily conserved pathways that regulate organism longevity and metabolism. InsR signaling is well characterized in metabolic tissues, such as liver, muscle, and fat, actively orchestrating cellular processes, including growth, survival, and nutrient metabolism. However, cells of the immune system also express the InsR and downstream signaling machinery, and there is increasing appreciation for the involvement of InsR signaling in shaping the immune response. Here, we summarize current understanding of InsR signaling pathways in different immune cell subsets and their impact on cellular metabolism, differentiation, and effector versus regulatory function. We also discuss mechanistic links between altered InsR signaling and immune dysfunction in various disease settings and conditions, with a focus on age related conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, cancer and infection vulnerability.Copyright © 2023 Makhijani, Basso, Chan, Chen, Baechle, Khan, Furman, Tsai and Winer.