随着纳米医学的蓬勃发展，温和的光热疗法（mPTT，42-45°C）在肿瘤治疗方面显示出了巨大的潜力。与传统的PTT（>50°C）相比，mPTT具有更少的副作用和更好的生物效果，有利于肿瘤治疗，例如松动肿瘤组织中的致密结构、增强血液灌注和改善免疫抑制微环境。然而，这种相对较低的温度不能完全消灭肿瘤，因此，大量的工作已经进行来优化mPTT在肿瘤治疗中的应用。本综述广泛总结了mPTT的最新进展，包括两个部分：（1）将mPTT作为主导角色，通过阻断细胞防御机制来最大化其效果，（2）将mPTT视为辅助角色，协助其他治疗以实现协同抗肿瘤治疗效果。同时，讨论了应用于各种治疗中的纳米平台的特殊特性和图像能力。最后，本文提出了目前mPTT研究路径中的瓶颈和挑战，并相应地提出了可能的解决方案和未来的研究方向。©2023年何等。

With the booming development of nanomedicine, mild photothermal therapy (mPTT, 42-45°C) has exhibited promising potential in tumor therapy. Compared with traditional PTT (>50°C), mPTT has less side effects and better biological effects conducive to tumor treatment, such as loosening the dense structure in tumor tissues, enhancing blood perfusion, and improving the immunosuppressive microenvironment. However, such a relatively low temperature cannot allow mPTT to completely eradicate tumors, and therefore, substantial efforts have been conducted to optimize the application of mPTT in tumor therapy. This review extensively summarizes the latest advances of mPTT, including two sections: (1) taking mPTT as a leading role to maximize its effect by blocking the cell defense mechanisms, and (2) regarding mPTT as a supporting role to assist other therapies to achieve synergistic antitumor curative effect. Meanwhile, the special characteristics and imaging capabilities of nanoplatforms applied in various therapies are discussed. At last, this paper puts forward the bottlenecks and challenges in the current research path of mPTT, and possible solutions and research directions in future are proposed correspondingly.© 2023 He et al.