通常，癌细胞以不同的方式死亡会使身体清除这些有害细胞。然而，癌细胞通过各种机制成功规避细胞死亡，获得了无限复制和不老不死的能力。一些证据表明，治疗诱导的垂死肿瘤细胞甚至会促进癌症进展。值得注意的是，利用免疫系统抗击肿瘤细胞的治疗干预在临床上显示出了复杂的影响。因此，在癌症治疗期间需要紧急澄清影响免疫系统结果和调节的潜在机制。在这篇综述中，我们从机制角度出发，提供细胞死亡方式和治疗过程中垂死肿瘤细胞与肿瘤免疫微环境之间的关系，重点是免疫治疗，包括新兴限制和未来方向的账户。版权所有 © 2023 He，Huang和Cheng。

Generally, the demise of cancer cells in different ways enables the body to clear these harmful cells. However, cancer cells obtain unlimited replication and immortality from successful circumvention of cell death via various mechanisms. Some evidence suggests that treatment-induced dying tumor cells even promote cancer progression. Notably, therapeutic interventions to harness the immune system against tumor cells have shown complicated influences in clinics. Herein, there is an urgent need to clarify the underlying mechanisms that influence the outcome and regulation of the immune system during cancer treatment. In this review, we provide an account on the cell death modes and the relationship between dying tumor cells with tumor immune microenvironment during cancer treatment, focusing on immunotherapy, from mechanistic standpoint to emerging limitations and future directions.Copyright © 2023 He, Huang and Cheng.