反应是临床或研究环境中治疗的逻辑结果衡量。客观反应评估涉及使用测试来分离那些可能会经历生存改善的患者和那些不会的患者。早期和准确的反应评估对于确定临床设置中的治疗效果、比较两种或更多种疗法的有效试验设计以及基于反应调节治疗非常重要。2-[氟18]荧光脱氧-D-葡萄糖（FDG）PET/CT可以提供与疾病过程有关的功能和结构信息。它已经在患者管理的几个阶段使用，包括基于成像的肿瘤反应评估，适用于各种恶性肿瘤。FDG PET/CT可用于区分淋巴瘤患者在治疗后有残留肿块但没有残留病变的患者（即完全反应者）和有残留病变的患者。同样，在实体恶性肿瘤中，葡萄糖摄取和代谢的功能变化先于结构变化（通常被视为肿瘤萎缩）和坏死。反应评估标准已经根据FDG PET/CT图像结果开发，并不断进行修订，以确保标准化并提高其预测性能。根据CC BY 4.0许可发布。本文的测验问题可通过在线学习中心获取。

Response is the logical outcome measure of a treatment in a clinical or research setting. Objective response assessment involves the use of a test to segregate patients who are likely to experience improved survival from those who are not. Early and accurate response assessment is critical for determining therapy effectiveness in clinical settings, for effective trial designs comparing two or more therapies, and for modulating treatment on the basis of response (ie, response-adapted therapy). 2-[fluorine 18]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) PET/CT can provide both functional and structural information about a disease process. It has been used at several stages of patient management, including imaging-based tumor response assessment, for various malignancies. FDG PET/CT can be used to differentiate patients with lymphoma who have a residual mass but no residual disease after treatment (ie, complete responders) from those who have a residual mass and residual disease after treatment. Similarly, in solid malignancies, the functional changes in glucose uptake and metabolism precede the structural changes (commonly seen as tumor shrinkage) and necrosis. Response assessment criteria have been developed on the basis of findings on FDG PET/CT images and are continuously being revised to ensure standardization and improve their predictive performance. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Quiz questions for this article are available through the Online Learning Center.