带电粒子放疗主要使用质子和碳离子，其物理特性允许进行体积协调照射，并减少对正常组织的积分剂量。碳离子疗法还具有增加的生物效应，导致特殊的分子效应。免疫疗法主要通过免疫检查点抑制剂进行，现在被认为是癌症疗法的支柱之一。基于带电粒子放疗的优势特性，我们回顾了预临床证据，揭示了其与免疫疗法结合具有强大潜力。我们认为，这种联合疗法值得进一步研究，以期在诊所中实现应用，其中已经有一些研究已经启动。版权所有 © 2023 Elsevier Inc.。保留所有权利。

Charged particle radiotherapy, mainly using protons and carbon ions, provides physical characteristics allowing for a volume conformal irradiation and a reduction of the integral dose to normal tissue. Carbon ion therapy additionally features an increased biological effectiveness resulting in peculiar molecular effects. Immunotherapy, mostly performed with immune checkpoint inhibitors, is nowadays considered a pillar in cancer therapy. Based on the advantageous features of charged particle radiotherapy, we review pre-clinical evidence revealing a strong potential of its combination with immunotherapy. We argue that the combination therapy deserves further investigation with the aim of translation in clinics, where a few studies have been set up already.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.