放射治疗在癌症治疗中具有基础作用。然而，尽管放疗技术不断改进，辐射引起的副作用问题仍然具有临床相关性。急性毒性和晚期纤维化机制因此成为翻译研究的重要课题，以改善接受电离辐射治疗的患者的生活质量。放疗后观察到的组织变化是复杂病理生理学的结果，涉及巨噬细胞激活、细胞因子级联、纤维变化、血管障碍、缺氧、组织破坏和随后的慢性伤口愈合。此外，大量数据显示，这些变化对辐射的基质在致癌过程中的影响，与肿瘤辐射响应和参与纤维化过程的途径之间的相互作用有关。本文回顾了放射线引起的正常组织炎症机制，重点关注炎症过程对治疗相关毒性和致癌过程的影响。还讨论了药理调节的可能靶点。版权所有©2023 Elsevier Inc.。保留所有权利。

Radiation therapy has a fundamental role in the management of cancers. However, despite a constant improvement in radiotherapy techniques, the issue of radiation-induced side effects remains clinically relevant. Mechanisms of acute toxicity and late fibrosis are therefore important topics for translational research to improve the quality of life of patients treated with ionizing radiations. Tissue changes observed after radiotherapy are consequences of complex pathophysiology, involving macrophage activation, cytokine cascade, fibrotic changes, vascularization disorders, hypoxia, tissue destruction and subsequent chronic wound healing. Moreover, numerous data show the impact of these changes in the irradiated stroma on the oncogenic process, with interplays between tumor radiation response and pathways involved in the fibrotic process. The mechanisms of radiation-induced normal tissue inflammation are reviewed, with a focus on the impact of the inflammatory process on the onset of treatment-related toxicities and the oncogenic process. Possible targets for pharmacomodulation are also discussed.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.