Nivolumab是一种免疫检查点抑制剂，针对程序性细胞死亡蛋白1，并有效治疗晚期癌症。然而，它还与多种免疫相关的神经系统并发症有关，包括重症肌无力、格林-巴利综合征和脱髓鞘多神经病。这些并发症可以轻易模拟其他神经疾病，并具有不同的治疗方法，取决于潜在的病理生理学。我们在这里报道了一个霍奇金淋巴瘤患者，其出现了Nivolumab诱发的人体周围神经病变，涉及到肱神经丛。在接受nivolumab治疗约7个月后，患者在右前臂感到肌肉无力，紧绷和刺痛。电生理研究显示右肱神经丛出现脱髓鞘的周围神经病变。磁共振成像显示两侧肱神经丛增厚并弥漫性强化。最终，患者被诊断出患有nivolumab诱发的脱髓鞘性多发性神经病波及肱神经丛。口服类固醇治疗改善了运动功能障碍和感觉异常，没有加剧。我们的研究表明，接受nivolumab治疗的晚期癌症患者出现上肢肌肉无力和感觉异常时出现nivolumab诱发性神经病的可能性。全面的电生理研究和磁共振成像有助于区别其他神经疾病。适当的诊断和治疗方法可以预防进一步的神经系统损害。©2023年作者。

Nivolumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that targets the programmed cell death-1 protein and is effective in treating advanced cancer. However, it is also associated with various immune-related neurological complications, including myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and demyelinating polyneuropathy. These complications can easily mimic other neurological diseases and have greatly varying therapeutic approaches depending on the underlying pathophysiology.Here, we report a case of nivolumab-induced demyelinating peripheral polyneuropathy involving the brachial plexus in a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma. Approximately 7 months after nivolumab treatment, the patient experienced muscle weakness with a tightness and tingling sensation in the right forearm. Electrodiagnostic studies showed features of demyelinating peripheral neuropathy with right brachial plexopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed thickening with a diffuse enhancement of both brachial plexuses. The patient was eventually diagnosed with nivolumab-induced demyelinating polyneuropathy involving the brachial plexus. Oral steroid therapy improved motor weakness and sensory abnormalities without aggravation.Our study indicates the possibility of nivolumab-induced neuropathies in cases involving muscle weakness with sensory abnormalities of the upper extremity following nivolumab administration in patients with advanced cancer. Comprehensive electrodiagnostic studies and magnetic resonance imaging are helpful in the differential diagnosis of other neurological diseases. Appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches may prevent further neurological deterioration.© 2023. The Author(s).