我们探讨了将普通主食替换为补充营养蛋白粉、膳食纤维和鱼油对多种代谢参数的膳食影响。我们比较了肥胖个体和减少主食低碳水化合物饮食个体的体重、葡萄糖和脂质代谢以及肠道菌群。根据纳入和排除标准，随机招募了99名参与者（28 kg/m²≤身体质量指数（BMI）≤35 kg/m²），并分为对照组和干预1组和2组。干预前和干预后的第4周和第13周进行了体格检查和生化指标的测量。在13周后，收集粪便并进行16s rDNA测序。在13周后，与对照组相比，干预组1的体重、BMI、腰围、臀围、收缩压和舒张压值显著降低。在干预组2中，体重、BMI、腰围和臀围均显著降低。两个干预组的甘油三酯（TG）水平均显著降低。干预组1的空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、糖化白蛋白、总胆固醇和载脂蛋白B水平降低，而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）略有降低。干预组2的糖化白蛋白、TG和总胆固醇水平降低，而HDL-c略微降低。干预组的高敏C-反应蛋白、MPO、氧化低密度脂蛋白、LEP、TGF-β1、IL-6、GPLD1、pro NT、GPC-4和LPS水平均较对照组更低。比较干预组和对照组，干预组的脂联素（ADPN）水平更高。干预组1的肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平较对照组更低。三组肠道菌群的α多样性和β多样性没有显著差异。在门的前10个物种中，只有对照组和干预组2的Patescibacteria比干预组1的数量显著增加。在属的前10个物种中，只有干预组2的Agathobacter数量显著高于对照组和干预组1的数量。我们证明，一种低碳水化合物饮食，在其中增加了营养蛋白粉，同时补充了膳食纤维和鱼油，与减少主食摄入的低碳水化合物饮食相比，在肥胖个体中显著降低体重、改善碳水化合物和脂质代谢。©2023作者。

We explored the dietary effects of replacing normal dietary staple foods with supplementary nutritional protein powder, dietary fiber, and fish oil on several metabolic parameters. We examined weight loss, glucose and lipid metabolism, and intestinal flora in obese individuals when compared with individuals on a reduced staple food low carbohydrate diet.From inclusion and exclusion criteria, 99 participants (28 kg/m2 ≤ body mass index (BMI) ≤ 35 kg/m2) were recruited and randomly assigned to control and intervention 1 and 2 groups. Physical examinations and biochemical indices were performed/gathered before the intervention and at 4 and 13 weeks post intervention. After 13 weeks, feces was collected and 16s rDNA sequenced.After 13 weeks, when compared with controls, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure values in intervention group 1 were significantly reduced. In intervention group 2, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and hip circumference were significantly reduced. Triglyceride (TG) levels in both intervention groups were significantly reduced. Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosylated albumin, total cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels in intervention group 1 were decreased, while high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) decreased slightly. Glycosylated albumin, TG, and total cholesterol levels in intervention group 2 decreased, while HDL-c decreased slightly, High sensitive C-reactive protein, MPO, Ox-LDL, LEP, TGF-β1, IL-6, GPLD1, pro NT, GPC-4, and LPS levels in both intervention groups were lower when compared with controls. Adiponectin (ADPN) levels in intervention groups were higher when compared with controls. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in intervention group 1 were lower when compared with controls. There is no obvious difference in α diversity and β diversity between intestinal flora of 3 groups. Among the first 10 species of Phylum, only the control group and the intervention group 2 had significantly higher Patescibacteria than the intervention group 1. Among the first 10 species of Genus, only the number of Agathobacter in intervention group 2 was significantly higher than that in control group and intervention group 1.We showed that an LCD, where nutritional protein powder replaced some staple foods and dietary fiber and fish oil were simultaneously supplemented, significantly reduced weight and improved carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in obese individuals when compared with an LCD which reduced staple food intake.© 2023. The Author(s).