组织代谢和生长的控制涉及器官、组织和细胞类型之间的相互作用，通过细胞因子或细胞交流直接传递介导。事实上，在过去几十年中，哺乳动物中许多由脂肪组织、骨骼肌和骨骼产生的肽类（分别称为脂肪素、肌肽和骨素）已被鉴定出来，它们在器官/组织的发育和功能方面发挥着关键作用。其中一些肽类被释放到循环中起作用，起着经典激素的作用，但它们也可以在局部发挥自分泌/旁分泌的效果。最近，一些这些细胞因子已被鉴定为生物医学或农学兴趣的鱼模型中。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍它们的现状，重点放在局部作用和跨组织效应上。在鱼脂肪细胞中报告的脂肪素包括脂联素和瘦素等。我们将重点关注它们的结构特征、基因表达、受体和效应，主要在脂肪组织中调节细胞分化和代谢，但在肌肉和骨骼中也是靶组织。此外，名为脂肪素的脂质代谢产物也可以作为信号分子调节代谢稳态。关于肌肽，鱼中最好的文献是肌肉抑素和类胰岛素生长因子。本综述总结了它们在分子水平的特征，并描述了自分泌效应和与脂肪组织和骨骼的相互作用。然而，我们对许多这些细胞因子的功能和作用机制的理解在鱼类中仍然相当不完整，特别是在骨素（如骨钙蛋白）方面，其潜在的跨组织交流作用仍需阐明。此外，通过使用有选择性的繁殖或基因工具，可以改变特定组织的形成，强调对其他组织的影响，并允许识别交流信号。文中将描述在体外模型或体内试验中验证的识别肽类的特定效应。此外，还将介绍未来科学前沿（即外泌体）和工具（即共培养、器官oid），以更好地了解鱼类之间的跨器官相互作用。最后，通过进一步鉴定参与跨组织交流的分子，将开辟控制鱼稳态的新知识途径，以及在水产养殖或生物医学中可能采用的策略。 版权所有 © 2023 Hue, Capilla, Rosell-Moll，Balbuena-Pecino，Goffette，Gabillard和Navarro。

Control of tissue metabolism and growth involves interactions between organs, tissues, and cell types, mediated by cytokines or direct communication through cellular exchanges. Indeed, over the past decades, many peptides produced by adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and bone named adipokines, myokines and osteokines respectively, have been identified in mammals playing key roles in organ/tissue development and function. Some of them are released into the circulation acting as classical hormones, but they can also act locally showing autocrine/paracrine effects. In recent years, some of these cytokines have been identified in fish models of biomedical or agronomic interest. In this review, we will present their state of the art focusing on local actions and inter-tissue effects. Adipokines reported in fish adipocytes include adiponectin and leptin among others. We will focus on their structure characteristics, gene expression, receptors, and effects, in the adipose tissue itself, mainly regulating cell differentiation and metabolism, but in muscle and bone as target tissues too. Moreover, lipid metabolites, named lipokines, can also act as signaling molecules regulating metabolic homeostasis. Regarding myokines, the best documented in fish are myostatin and the insulin-like growth factors. This review summarizes their characteristics at a molecular level, and describes both, autocrine effects and interactions with adipose tissue and bone. Nonetheless, our understanding of the functions and mechanisms of action of many of these cytokines is still largely incomplete in fish, especially concerning osteokines (i.e., osteocalcin), whose potential cross talking roles remain to be elucidated. Furthermore, by using selective breeding or genetic tools, the formation of a specific tissue can be altered, highlighting the consequences on other tissues, and allowing the identification of communication signals. The specific effects of identified cytokines validated through in vitro models or in vivo trials will be described. Moreover, future scientific fronts (i.e., exosomes) and tools (i.e., co-cultures, organoids) for a better understanding of inter-organ crosstalk in fish will also be presented. As a final consideration, further identification of molecules involved in inter-tissue communication will open new avenues of knowledge in the control of fish homeostasis, as well as possible strategies to be applied in aquaculture or biomedicine.Copyright © 2023 Hue, Capilla, Rosell-Moll, Balbuena-Pecino, Goffette, Gabillard and Navarro.