多发性硬化症（MS）是一种慢性脱髓鞘和神经退行性疾病，影响中枢神经系统。MS是一种多因素的异质性障碍，主要与免疫系统有关，包括由T细胞、B细胞、抗原呈递细胞和趋化因子以及炎性细胞因子等免疫成分引起的血脑和脊髓屏障的破坏。近年来，MS的发病率在全球范围内逐渐增加，与其相关的大多数治疗方法都会引起多种副作用，如头痛、肝毒性、白细胞减少症和某些类型的癌症。因此，人们一直在寻找有效的治疗方法。动物模型是开展新的治疗方法的重要选择。实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎（EAE）模拟了MS发展和临床症状的几个病理生理特征，以获得潜在的MS治疗方法并改善疾病的预后。目前，探索神经免疫兴奋激素相互作用在免疫疾病治疗领域引起了兴趣。精氨酸加压素激素（AVP）参与增加血脑屏障通透性，引起EAE模型的疾病发展和侵袭性，而其缺乏则改善疾病的临床症状。因此，本综述讨论了使用康尼瓦普坦阻断AVP受体V1a和V2 AVP的调节免疫反应，减轻与传统治疗相关的不良反应，成为治疗多发性硬化症患者的潜在治疗靶点。版权所有©2023 Calvillo-Robledo、Ramírez-Farías、Valdez-Urias、Huerta-Carreón和Quintanar-Stephano。

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. MS is a heterogeneous disorder of multiple factors that are mainly associated with the immune system including the breakdown of the blood-brain and spinal cord barriers induced by T cells, B cells, antigen presenting cells, and immune components such as chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The incidence of MS has been increasing worldwide recently, and most therapies related to its treatment are associated with the development of several secondary effects, such as headaches, hepatotoxicity, leukopenia, and some types of cancer; therefore, the search for an effective treatment is ongoing. The use of animal models of MS continues to be an important option for extrapolating new treatments. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) replicates the several pathophysiological features of MS development and clinical signs, to obtain a potential treatment for MS in humans and improve the disease prognosis. Currently, the exploration of neuro-immune-endocrine interactions represents a highlight of interest in the treatment of immune disorders. The arginine vasopressin hormone (AVP) is involved in the increase in blood-brain barrier permeability, inducing the development and aggressiveness of the disease in the EAE model, whereas its deficiency improves the clinical signs of the disease. Therefore, this present review discussed on the use of conivaptan a blocker of AVP receptors type 1a and type 2 (V1a and V2 AVP) in the modulation of immune response without completely depleting its activity, minimizing the adverse effects associated with the conventional therapies becoming a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis.Copyright © 2023 Calvillo-Robledo, Ramírez-Farías, Valdez-Urias, Huerta-Carreón and Quintanar-Stephano.