最近，乳腺癌的发病率在所有报道癌症中达到最高水平，其变异型之一，称为三阴性乳腺癌（TNBC），与其他类型的乳腺癌相比由于缺乏可行的诊断技术更具致命性。纳米技术的进展为制定多种纳米载体铺平了道路，这些载体能够有效地选择性地将抗癌药物传递给癌细胞，最小化对非癌细胞的副作用。纳米治疗学是一种新颖的方法，可用于疾病诊断以及治疗效果。目前，各种成像剂，如有机染料、放射性剂、上转换纳米颗粒、各种对比剂、量子点等，正在探索内部器官成像或检查药物分布。此外，具有靶向配体的纳米载体，具有针对癌症部位的潜力，正在用作癌症治疗诊疗应用的先进代理，包括癌性肿瘤的各种转移部位的识别。本综述文章讨论了乳腺癌治疗学中治疗诊断应用的需求、各种成像技术、最新的乳腺癌纳米治疗载体以及相关的安全和毒性问题，并强调了纳米治疗学在乳腺癌中的重要性，这有助于解密与纳米治疗系统相关的问题。版权所有© Bentham Science Publishers；如有任何问题，请发送电子邮件至epub@benthamscience.net。

Recently, breast cancer has reached the highest incident rate amongst all the reported cancers, and one of its variants, known as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), is deadlier compared to the other types of breast cancer due to a lack of feasible diagnostic techniques. Advancements in nanotechnology have paved the way to formulate several nanocarriers with the ability to deliver anticancer drugs effectively and selectively to cancer cells with minimum side effects to non-cancerous cells. Nanotheranostics is a novel approach that can be used in the diagnosis of disease along with therapeutic effects. Currently, various imaging agents, such as organic dyes, radioactive agents, upconversion nanoparticles, various contrasting agents, quantum dots, etc., are being explored for the imaging of internal organs or to examine drug distribution. Furthermore, ligand-targeted nanocarriers, which have the potential to target cancer sites, are being used as advanced agents for cancer theranostic applications, including the identification of various metastatic sites of the cancerous tumor. This review article discusses the need for theranostic application in breast cancer with various imaging techniques, the latest nanotheranostic carriers in breast cancer, and related safety and toxicity issues, as well as highlights the importance of nanotheranostics in breast cancer, which could be helpful in deciphering questions related to nanotheranostic systems.Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.